更改

Arithmetic dynamics is a field that emerged in the 1990s that amalgamates two areas of mathematics, dynamical systems and number theory. Classically, discrete dynamics refers to the study of the iteration of self-maps of the complex plane or real line. Arithmetic dynamics is the study of the number-theoretic properties of integer, rational, -adic, and/or algebraic points under repeated application of a polynomial or rational function.

Arithmetic dynamics is a field that emerged in the 1990s that amalgamates two areas of mathematics, dynamical systems and number theory. Classically, discrete dynamics refers to the study of the iteration of self-maps of the complex plane or real line. Arithmetic dynamics is the study of the number-theoretic properties of integer, rational, -adic, and/or algebraic points under repeated application of a polynomial or rational function.

算术动态系统是20世纪90年代出现的一个领域，融合了动力系统和数论这两个数学领域。经典的离散动力学研究复平面或实直线的自映射的迭代。算术动态系统研究内容是在多项式或有理函数中的整数、有理数、并元 --[[用户:嘉树|嘉树]]（[[用户讨论:嘉树|讨论]]）原文找不到 和/或代数点的数论性质。

算术动态系统是20世纪90年代出现的一个领域，融合了动力系统和数论这两个数学领域。经典的离散动力学研究复平面或实直线的自映射的迭代。算术动态系统研究内容是在多项式或有理函数中的整数、有理数、并元 --[[用户:嘉树|嘉树]]（[[用户讨论:嘉树|找不到原文]]） 和/或代数点的数论性质。

Complex systems is a scientific field that studies the common properties of systems considered complex in nature, society, and science. It is also called complex systems theory, complexity science, study of complex systems and/or sciences of complexity. The key problems of such systems are  difficulties with their formal modeling and simulation. From such perspective, in different research contexts complex systems are defined on the base of their different attributes.

Complex systems is a scientific field that studies the common properties of systems considered complex in nature, society, and science. It is also called complex systems theory, complexity science, study of complex systems and/or sciences of complexity. The key problems of such systems are  difficulties with their formal modeling and simulation. From such perspective, in different research contexts complex systems are defined on the base of their different attributes.

复杂系统是研究自然、社会和科学 --[[用户:嘉树|嘉树]]（[[用户讨论:嘉树|讨论]]）+ 自然、社会和科学为什么会并列呢？ 中复杂现象的共同性质的科学领域。它也被称为复杂系统理论、复杂性科学、复杂系统研究和关于复杂性的科学。这些系统的关键问题在于对系统的形式化建模与仿真。因此，复杂系统是根据在不同的研究语境中的不同属性来定义的。

复杂系统是研究自然、社会和科学 --[[用户:嘉树|嘉树]]（[[用户讨论:嘉树|科学为什么会和自然、社会并列呢？]]）中复杂现象的共同性质的科学领域。它也被称为复杂系统理论、复杂性科学、复杂系统研究和关于复杂性的科学。这些系统的关键问题在于对系统的形式化建模与仿真。因此，复杂系统是根据在不同的研究语境中的不同属性来定义的。