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第470行： − 突现结构是通过许多单个实体的集体行动而出现的模式。为了解释这种模式，人们可能会得出结论，按照亚里士多德的说法，每个部分与其周围环境的相互作用导致了一系列复杂的过程，这些过程可以导致某种形式的秩序。事实上，我们观察到自然界中的一些系统是基于自治部分的相互作用而呈现出涌现的，而另一些系统则呈现出涌现，至少目前不能以这种方式进行简化。特别是理论物理学中的重整化方法使得科学家们能够研究那些不能作为各部分组合而易于处理的系统。+ − − − −
→Emergence and interaction
Emergent structures are patterns that emerge via the collective actions of many individual entities. To explain such patterns, one might conclude, per Aristotle, According to this argument, the interaction of each part with its immediate surroundings causes a complex chain of processes that can lead to order in some form. In fact, some systems in nature are observed to exhibit emergence based upon the interactions of autonomous parts, and some others exhibit emergence that at least at present cannot be reduced in this way. In particular renormalization methods in theoretical physics enable scientists to study systems that are not tractable as the combination of their parts.
Emergent structures are patterns that emerge via the collective actions of many individual entities. To explain such patterns, one might conclude, per Aristotle, According to this argument, the interaction of each part with its immediate surroundings causes a complex chain of processes that can lead to order in some form. In fact, some systems in nature are observed to exhibit emergence based upon the interactions of autonomous parts, and some others exhibit emergence that at least at present cannot be reduced in this way. In particular renormalization methods in theoretical physics enable scientists to study systems that are not tractable as the combination of their parts.
涌现结构是通过许多单个实体的集体行动而出现的模式。为了解释这种模式，人们可能会得出结论，按照亚里士多德的说法，每个部分与其周围环境的相互作用导致了一系列复杂的过程，这些过程可以导致某种形式的秩序。事实上，我们观察到自然界中的一些系统是基于自治部分的相互作用而呈现出涌现的，而另一些系统则呈现出涌现，至少目前不能以这种方式进行简化。特别是理论物理学中的重整化方法使得科学家们能够研究那些不能作为各部分组合而易于处理的系统。
===主客的品质Objective or subjective quality===
===主客的品质Objective or subjective quality===