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第1,423行： − + + − 语言 第1,431行：
第1,431行： − 语言语法的结构和规律，或者至少是语言变化，是一种突现现象。虽然每个说话者只是试图达到他或她自己的交际目的，但他或她使用语言的方式是特定的。如果有足够多的说话者以这种方式行事，语言就会改变。在更广泛的意义上，一种语言的规范，即。语言社会的语言习惯，可以看作是在各种社会环境下长期参与交际问题解决的一个系统。+ 第1,437行：
第1,437行： + − ===Emergent change processes=== − 突发的变化过程 第1,446行：
第1,445行： − 在团队促进和组织发展领域，已经出现了一些新的团队过程，旨在通过提供最小的有效初始条件，最大限度地扩大涌现和自我组织。这些过程的例子包括 SEED-SCALE、赏识调查、未来搜索、世界咖啡馆或知识咖啡馆、开放空间技术等(Holman，2010)。+
→In humanity
一些人工智能(AI)计算机应用程序利用涌现行为进行动画制作。一个例子是Boids，它模仿鸟类的群体行为。
一些人工智能(AI)计算机应用程序利用涌现行为进行动画制作。一个例子是Boids，它模仿鸟类的群体行为。
===Language===
===Language语言===
It has been argued that the structure and regularity of [[language]] [[grammar]], or at least [[language change]], is an emergent phenomenon {{Harv|Hopper|1998}}. While each speaker merely tries to reach his or her own communicative goals, he or she uses language in a particular way. If enough speakers behave in that way, language is changed {{Harv|Keller|1994}}. In a wider sense, the norms of a language, i.e. the linguistic conventions of its speech society, can be seen as a system emerging from long-time participation in communicative problem-solving in various social circumstances {{Harv|Määttä|2000}}.
It has been argued that the structure and regularity of [[language]] [[grammar]], or at least [[language change]], is an emergent phenomenon {{Harv|Hopper|1998}}. While each speaker merely tries to reach his or her own communicative goals, he or she uses language in a particular way. If enough speakers behave in that way, language is changed {{Harv|Keller|1994}}. In a wider sense, the norms of a language, i.e. the linguistic conventions of its speech society, can be seen as a system emerging from long-time participation in communicative problem-solving in various social circumstances {{Harv|Määttä|2000}}.
It has been argued that the structure and regularity of language grammar, or at least language change, is an emergent phenomenon . While each speaker merely tries to reach his or her own communicative goals, he or she uses language in a particular way. If enough speakers behave in that way, language is changed . In a wider sense, the norms of a language, i.e. the linguistic conventions of its speech society, can be seen as a system emerging from long-time participation in communicative problem-solving in various social circumstances .
It has been argued that the structure and regularity of language grammar, or at least language change, is an emergent phenomenon . While each speaker merely tries to reach his or her own communicative goals, he or she uses language in a particular way. If enough speakers behave in that way, language is changed . In a wider sense, the norms of a language, i.e. the linguistic conventions of its speech society, can be seen as a system emerging from long-time participation in communicative problem-solving in various social circumstances .
语言语法的结构和规律，或者至少是语言变化，是一种涌现现象。虽然每个说话人只是试图达到自己的交际目的，但他或她使用语言的方式是特定的。如果有足够多的人这样做，语言就会改变。从更广泛的意义上讲，语言规范，即语言社会的语言习惯，可以看作是在各种社会环境下长期参与交际问题解决的一个系统。
===Emergent change processes涌现的变化过程===
Within the field of group facilitation and organization development, there have been a number of new group processes that are designed to maximize emergence and self-organization, by offering a minimal set of effective initial conditions. Examples of these processes include [[SEED-SCALE]], [[appreciative inquiry]], Future Search, the world cafe or [[knowledge cafe]], [[Open Space Technology]], and others (Holman, 2010<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Holman|first=Peggy|date=December 2010 – January 2011|title=Engaging Emergence: Turning Upheaval into Opportunity|url=http://peggyholman.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/211001pkSystems-Thinkerarticle.pdf|journal=Pegasus Communication: The Systems Thinker|volume=21|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418075443/http://peggyholman.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/211001pkSystems-Thinkerarticle.pdf|archivedate=2013-04-18}}</ref>).
Within the field of group facilitation and organization development, there have been a number of new group processes that are designed to maximize emergence and self-organization, by offering a minimal set of effective initial conditions. Examples of these processes include [[SEED-SCALE]], [[appreciative inquiry]], Future Search, the world cafe or [[knowledge cafe]], [[Open Space Technology]], and others (Holman, 2010<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Holman|first=Peggy|date=December 2010 – January 2011|title=Engaging Emergence: Turning Upheaval into Opportunity|url=http://peggyholman.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/211001pkSystems-Thinkerarticle.pdf|journal=Pegasus Communication: The Systems Thinker|volume=21|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418075443/http://peggyholman.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/211001pkSystems-Thinkerarticle.pdf|archivedate=2013-04-18}}</ref>).
Within the field of group facilitation and organization development, there have been a number of new group processes that are designed to maximize emergence and self-organization, by offering a minimal set of effective initial conditions. Examples of these processes include SEED-SCALE, appreciative inquiry, Future Search, the world cafe or knowledge cafe, Open Space Technology, and others (Holman, 2010).
Within the field of group facilitation and organization development, there have been a number of new group processes that are designed to maximize emergence and self-organization, by offering a minimal set of effective initial conditions. Examples of these processes include SEED-SCALE, appreciative inquiry, Future Search, the world cafe or knowledge cafe, Open Space Technology, and others (Holman, 2010).
在群体促进和组织发展的领域内，已经有一些新的群体过程，意在通过提供一组最小的有效初始条件去最大限度地实现涌现和自组织。这些过程的例子包括SEED-SCALE、赏识调查、未来搜索、世界咖啡馆或知识咖啡馆、开放空间技术等(Holman, 2010)。
== See also ==
== See also ==