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They are complex in that they are dynamic networks of interactions, and their relationships are not aggregations of the individual static entities, i.e., the behavior of the ensemble is not predicted by the behavior of the components.  They are adaptive in that the individual and collective behavior mutate and self-organize corresponding to the change-initiating micro-event or collection of events.

They are complex in that they are dynamic networks of interactions, and their relationships are not aggregations of the individual static entities, i.e., the behavior of the ensemble is not predicted by the behavior of the components.  They are adaptive in that the individual and collective behavior mutate and self-organize corresponding to the change-initiating micro-event or collection of events.

这种系统是''[[复杂系统]]/[[复杂的]]''，因为它们是动态的交互网络，并不是单个静态实体的简单聚合，也就是说，集合的行为不能通过已知每个组件的行为来进行预测。同时它们也是适应性的，因为个体和集体的行为会随着微事件或事件集合的发生而进行变异或自我组织。

这种系统是''[[复杂系统]]/[[复杂]]的''，因为它们是动态的交互网络，并不是单个静态实体的简单聚合，也就是说，集合的行为不能通过已知每个组件的行为来进行预测。同时它们也是适应性的，因为个体和集体的行为会随着微事件或事件集合的发生而进行变异或自我组织。