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添加760字节 、 2020年7月18日 (六) 11:53
无编辑摘要
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=== 特征 ===
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=== 特点 ===
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The agents in a multi-agent system have several important characteristics:
 
The agents in a multi-agent system have several important characteristics:
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多主体系统中的主体有如下几个重要特征:
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多主体系统中的主体有如下几个重要特点:
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=== Self-organisation and self-direction ===
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=== 自组织与自引导 ===
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Multi-agent systems can manifest self-organisation as well as self-direction and other control paradigms and related complex behaviors even when the individual strategies of all their agents are simple. When agents can share knowledge using any agreed language, within the constraints of the system's communication protocol, the approach may lead to a common improvement. Example languages are Knowledge Query Manipulation Language (KQML) or Agent Communication Language (ACL).
 
Multi-agent systems can manifest self-organisation as well as self-direction and other control paradigms and related complex behaviors even when the individual strategies of all their agents are simple. When agents can share knowledge using any agreed language, within the constraints of the system's communication protocol, the approach may lead to a common improvement. Example languages are Knowledge Query Manipulation Language (KQML) or Agent Communication Language (ACL).
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多智能体系统可以表现出自我组织、自我指导和其他控制范式以及相关的复杂行为,即使其所有智能体的个体策略都很简单。当代理可以使用任何一种约定的语言共享知识时,在系统通信协议的约束下,这种方法可能导致共同的改进。示例语言是知识查询操作语言(KQML)或代理通信语言(ACL)。
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即使所有单个主体的策略都很简单,多主体系统也可以表现出自组织、自引导等控制范式,以及相关的复杂行为。当主体之间可以在系统通信规范的约束下使用一些约定的语言来共享信息时,这种方法可能带来主体间的共赢。知识查询操作语言(英文:Knowledge Query Manipulation Language,简称KQML)和主体通信语言(英文:Agent Communication Language,简称ACL)是这类语言中的两个典型例子。
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=== System paradigms ===
 
=== System paradigms ===
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=== 系统模式 ===
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Many MAS are implemented in computer simulations, stepping the system through discrete "time steps". The MAS components communicate typically using a weighted request matrix, e.g.  
 
Many MAS are implemented in computer simulations, stepping the system through discrete "time steps". The MAS components communicate typically using a weighted request matrix, e.g.  
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许多多智能体系统是在计算机仿真中实现的,通过离散的“时间步长”逐步实现系统。Mas 组件通常使用加权请求矩阵进行通信,例如。
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很多多主体系统是在计算机仿真中实现的,按照离散的“时间步长”逐步地演化。多主体系统中的组分通常使用加权请求矩阵和加权响应矩阵进行通信。下面是几个加权请求矩阵的例子:
    
   Speed-VERY_IMPORTANT: min=45 mph,  
 
   Speed-VERY_IMPORTANT: min=45 mph,  
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   Speed-VERY_IMPORTANT: min=45 mph,  
 
   Speed-VERY_IMPORTANT: min=45 mph,  
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速度——非常重要: 每小时45英里,
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Speed-VERY_IMPORTANT: min=45 mph, (速度——非常重要: 每小时45英里)
    
   Path length-MEDIUM_IMPORTANCE: max=60 expectedMax=40,  
 
   Path length-MEDIUM_IMPORTANCE: max=60 expectedMax=40,  
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   Path length-MEDIUM_IMPORTANCE: max=60 expectedMax=40,  
 
   Path length-MEDIUM_IMPORTANCE: max=60 expectedMax=40,  
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路径长度-中等重要性: 最大60预期最大40,
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Path length-MEDIUM_IMPORTANCE: max=60 expectedMax=40, (路径长度——中等重要: 最大60预期,最大40)
    
   Max-Weight-UNIMPORTANT  
 
   Max-Weight-UNIMPORTANT  
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   Max-Weight-UNIMPORTANT  
 
   Max-Weight-UNIMPORTANT  
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最大重量-不重要
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Max-Weight-UNIMPORTANT, (最大重量——不重要)
    
   Contract Priority-REGULAR  
 
   Contract Priority-REGULAR  
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   Contract Priority-REGULAR  
 
   Contract Priority-REGULAR  
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合约优先权-定期
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Contract Priority-REGULAR, (协议优先性——常规)
    
and a weighted response matrix, e.g.  
 
and a weighted response matrix, e.g.  
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and a weighted response matrix, e.g.  
 
and a weighted response matrix, e.g.  
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和一个加权响应矩阵,例如。
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还有加权响应矩阵的例子:
    
   Speed-min:50 but only if weather sunny,  
 
   Speed-min:50 but only if weather sunny,  
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   Speed-min:50 but only if weather sunny,  
 
   Speed-min:50 but only if weather sunny,  
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速度分钟: 50但只有当天气晴朗时,
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Speed-min:50 but only if weather sunny, (速度:仅在天气晴朗时,50每分钟)
    
   Path length:25 for sunny / 46 for rainy
 
   Path length:25 for sunny / 46 for rainy
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   Path length:25 for sunny / 46 for rainy
 
   Path length:25 for sunny / 46 for rainy
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路径长度: 晴天25英尺,雨天46英尺
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Path length:25 for sunny / 46 for rainy, (路径长度: 晴天25,雨天46)
    
   Contract Priority-REGULAR
 
   Contract Priority-REGULAR
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   Contract Priority-REGULAR
 
   Contract Priority-REGULAR
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合约优先权-定期
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Contract Priority-REGULAR, (协议优先性——常规)
    
   note – ambulance will override this priority and you'll have to wait
 
   note – ambulance will override this priority and you'll have to wait
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   note – ambulance will override this priority and you'll have to wait
 
   note – ambulance will override this priority and you'll have to wait
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注意,救护车会优先处理这件事,你必须等待
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note – ambulance will override this priority and you'll have to wait, (注意,救护车比这个具有更高优先性,你必须等待)
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A challenge-response-contract scheme is common in MAS systems, where
      
A challenge-response-contract scheme is common in MAS systems, where  
 
A challenge-response-contract scheme is common in MAS systems, where  
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挑战-响应-契约方案在 MAS 系统中很常见,其中
      
* First a '''"'''Who can?'''"''' question is distributed.
 
* First a '''"'''Who can?'''"''' question is distributed.
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also considering other components, evolving "contracts" and the restriction sets of the component algorithms.
 
also considering other components, evolving "contracts" and the restriction sets of the component algorithms.
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also considering other components, evolving "contracts" and the restriction sets of the component algorithms.
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“请求-响应-协议”方案在多主体系统当中很常见。在这个方案中:
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* 首先,一个“谁可以...?”形式的请求从一个主体分发出去。
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* 其次,与该请求相关的主体会响应道:“我可以,价格是...”。
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* 最后,它们一般会通过几条很短的沟通步骤达成一个协议。
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同时考虑其他组件,进化“契约”和组件算法的限制集。
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同时,这个过程也会考虑其它的主体、考虑协议的改进以及算法对主体的约束。
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Another paradigm commonly used with MAS is the "pheromone", where components leave information for other nearby components. These pheromones may evaporate/concentrate with time, that is their values may decrease (or increase).
 
Another paradigm commonly used with MAS is the "pheromone", where components leave information for other nearby components. These pheromones may evaporate/concentrate with time, that is their values may decrease (or increase).
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Mas 通常使用的另一个范例是“信息素” ,其中组件为附近的其他组件留下信息。这些信息素可能蒸发 / 浓缩随着时间的推移,这是他们的价值可能减少(或增加)。
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多主体系统经常使用的另一个通信模式是“信息素”。在此模式下,各主体为附近的其它主体留下“信息素”来传递信息。随着时间的推移,这些信息素可能“蒸发”或累积,也就是其权重的下降或上升。
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=== Properties ===
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=== 性质 ===
     
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