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A multi-agent system (MAS or "self-organized system") is a computerized system composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents. Multi-agent systems can solve problems that are difficult or impossible for an individual agent or a monolithic system to solve. Intelligence may include methodic, functional, procedural approaches, algorithmic search or reinforcement learning.

A multi-agent system (MAS or "self-organized system") is a computerized system composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents. Multi-agent systems can solve problems that are difficult or impossible for an individual agent or a monolithic system to solve. Intelligence may include methodic, functional, procedural approaches, algorithmic search or reinforcement learning.

'''多主体系统'''（英文：Self-organized System 或 Multi-agent System，简称'''MAS'''）是一种由多个相互作用的主体组成的计算系统。多主体系统可以解决一些单个主体或单一性系统难以解决的问题。其智能可能体现在条理性、功能性、程序性的行为方式，以及搜索算法和强化学习上。

'''多主体系统'''（英文：'''Self-organized System''' 或 '''Multi-agent System'''，简称'''MAS'''）是一种由多个相互作用的主体组成的计算系统。多主体系统可以解决一些单个主体或单一性系统难以解决的问题。其智能可能体现在条理性、功能性、程序性的行为方式，以及搜索算法和强化学习上。

Despite considerable overlap, a multi-agent system is not always the same as an agent-based model (ABM).  The goal of an ABM is to search for explanatory insight into the collective behavior of agents (which don't necessarily need to be "intelligent") obeying simple rules, typically in natural systems, rather than in solving specific practical or engineering problems. The terminology of ABM tends to be used more often in the science, and MAS in engineering and technology. Applications where multi-agent systems research may deliver an appropriate approach include online trading, disaster response and social structure modelling.

Despite considerable overlap, a multi-agent system is not always the same as an agent-based model (ABM).  The goal of an ABM is to search for explanatory insight into the collective behavior of agents (which don't necessarily need to be "intelligent") obeying simple rules, typically in natural systems, rather than in solving specific practical or engineering problems. The terminology of ABM tends to be used more often in the science, and MAS in engineering and technology. Applications where multi-agent systems research may deliver an appropriate approach include online trading, disaster response and social structure modelling.

尽管多主体系统和“基于主体的模型”（英文：'''Agent-based Model'''，简称'''ABM'''）有着很多的重叠，但是他们并不总是相同的。“基于主体的模型”目标在于解释那些遵循简单规则、可能并不是很“智能”的主体表现出的集群行为，一般被用于天然系统的研究中，而不是在实践和工程解决具体的问题。因此“基于主体的模型”这个词更多地用在科学研究中，而“多主体系统”则更多地用于工程和技术。有关多主体系统的研究可能会对在线交易、灾害应急、社会结构建模等领域有着良好的应用价值。

尽管多主体系统和'''基于主体的模型'''（英文：'''Agent-based Model'''，简称'''ABM'''）有着很多的重叠，但是他们并不总是相同的。基于主体的模型目标在于解释那些遵循简单规则、可能并不是很“智能”的主体表现出的集群行为，一般被用于天然系统的研究中，而不是在实践和工程解决具体的问题。因此“基于主体的模型”这个词更多地用在科学研究中，而“多主体系统”则更多地用于工程和技术。有关多主体系统的研究可能会对在线交易、灾害应急、社会结构建模等领域有着良好的应用价值。

Agent environments can also be organized according to properties such as accessibility (whether it is possible to gather complete information about the environment), determinism (whether an action causes a definite effect), dynamics (how many entities influence the environment in the moment), discreteness (whether the number of possible actions in the environment is finite), episodicity (whether agent actions in certain time periods influence other periods), and dimensionality (whether spatial characteristics are important factors of the environment and the agent considers space in its decision making). Agent actions are typically mediated via an appropriate middleware. This middleware offers a first-class design abstraction for multi-agent systems, providing means to govern resource access and agent coordination.

Agent environments can also be organized according to properties such as accessibility (whether it is possible to gather complete information about the environment), determinism (whether an action causes a definite effect), dynamics (how many entities influence the environment in the moment), discreteness (whether the number of possible actions in the environment is finite), episodicity (whether agent actions in certain time periods influence other periods), and dimensionality (whether spatial characteristics are important factors of the environment and the agent considers space in its decision making). Agent actions are typically mediated via an appropriate middleware. This middleware offers a first-class design abstraction for multi-agent systems, providing means to govern resource access and agent coordination.

* [[主体挖掘]]

* [[主体挖掘]]

* 科学社群（比如生物的群体、语言的进化和经济体）--[[用户:绝不会|绝不会]]（[[用户讨论:绝不会|这个原文感觉不准确]]）

* 科学社群（比如生物的群体、语言的进化和经济体）

* 依赖性和容错

* 依赖性和容错

Also, Multi-agent Systems Artificial Intelligence (MAAI) are used for simulating societies, the purpose thereof being helpful in the fields of climate, energy, epidemiology, conflict management, child abuse, .... Some organisations working on using multi-agent system models include Center for Modelling Social Systems, Centre for Research in Social Simulation, Centre for Policy Modelling, Society for Modelling and Simulation International.

Also, Multi-agent Systems Artificial Intelligence (MAAI) are used for simulating societies, the purpose thereof being helpful in the fields of climate, energy, epidemiology, conflict management, child abuse, .... Some organisations working on using multi-agent system models include Center for Modelling Social Systems, Centre for Research in Social Simulation, Centre for Policy Modelling, Society for Modelling and Simulation International.

此外，多主体系统人工智能(MAAI)被用于模拟社会，以助力气候，能源，流行病学，冲突管理，儿童虐待等方面的工作。一些致力于使用多主体系统模型的组织包括社会系统建模中心(Center for Modelling Social Systems)、社会模拟研究中心(Centre for Research in Social Simulation)、政策建模中心(Centre for Policy Modelling)以及国际建模与模拟学会(Society for Modelling and Simulation International)。

此外，'''多主体系统人工智能'''(MAAI)被用于模拟社会，以助力气候，能源，流行病学，冲突管理，儿童虐待等方面的工作。一些致力于使用多主体系统模型的组织包括社会系统建模中心(Center for Modelling Social Systems)、社会模拟研究中心(Centre for Research in Social Simulation)、政策建模中心(Centre for Policy Modelling)以及国际建模与模拟学会(Society for Modelling and Simulation International)。