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==Multi-agent Systems (MAS)==

==Multi-agent Systems (MAS)==

In an artificial society, the model is a multiagent system: a set of autonomous agents that operate in parallel and that communicate with each other. The earliest implementation of an artificial societywas the famous checkerboard simulation of racial segregation of Schelling (1971). Like Schelling’s early simulation, artificial societies allow researchers to run virtual experiments, setting up a series of simulations to address a specific research question. The simulation consists of activating all of the agents and observing the macro behavior that emerges as the agents interact. In the 1990s, computer modeling techniques and computational power evolved to the point where MAS became a viable simulation tool for sociologists and economists. This approach to social simulation has rapidly gathered momentum among computer scientists; several edited collections have appeared (Conte, Hegselmann, and Terna 1997; Gilbert and Conte 1995; Gilbert and Doran 1994; Moss and Davidsson 2001; Sallach and Macal 2001; Sichman, Conte, and Gilbert 1998), and a new journal has been founded, the Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation (http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/JASSS/).

In an artificial society, the model is a multiagent system: a set of autonomous agents that operate in parallel and that communicate with each other. The earliest implementation of an artificial societywas the famous checkerboard simulation of racial segregation of Schelling (1971). Like Schelling’s early simulation, artificial societies allow researchers to run virtual experiments, setting up a series of simulations to address a specific research question. The simulation consists of activating all of the agents and observing the macro behavior that emerges as the agents interact. In the 1990s, computer modeling techniques and computational power evolved to the point where MAS became a viable simulation tool for sociologists and economists. This approach to social simulation has rapidly gathered momentum among computer scientists; several edited collections have appeared (Conte, Hegselmann, and Terna 1997; Gilbert and Conte 1995; Gilbert and Doran 1994; Moss and Davidsson 2001; Sallach and Macal 2001; Sichman, Conte, and Gilbert 1998), and a new journal has been founded, the Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation (http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/JASSS/).

在人工社会中，模型则是一个多主体系统：一组并行运算且相互通信的自治主体。最早人工社会的实现是著名的棋盘格模拟，谢林（Schelling）的种族隔离（1971）。就像其早期的模拟一样，人工社会允许研究人员进行虚拟实验，建立一系列模拟以解决特定的研究问题。模拟包括激活所有主体，并观察随着主体交互而出现的“宏”行为。在1990年代，计算机建模技术和计算能力的发展使MAS成为社会学家和经济学家可使用的模拟工具。这种社会仿真方法在计算机科学家中迅速得到了发展。随机出现了一系列编辑过的作品（Conte，Hegselmann和Terna，1997；Gilbert和Conte，1995；Gilbert和Doran，1994； Moss和Davidsson，2001；Sallach和Macal，2001；Sichman，Conte和Gilbert，1998），并创建了新期刊《人工社会与社会模拟杂志》（http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/JASSS/）。

在人工社会中，模型则是一个多主体系统：一组并行运算且相互通信的自治主体。最早人工社会的实现是著名的棋盘格模拟，谢林（Schelling）的种族隔离（1971）。就像其早期的模拟一样，人工社会允许研究人员进行虚拟实验，建立一系列模拟以解决特定的研究问题。模拟包括激活所有主体，并观察随着主体交互而出现的“宏”行为。在1990年代，计算机建模技术和计算能力的发展使MAS成为社会学家和经济学家可使用的模拟工具。这种社会仿真方法在计算机科学家中迅速得到了发展。随机出现了一系列编辑过的作品（Conte，Hegselmann和Terna，1997；Gilbert和Conte，1995；Gilbert和Doran，1994； Moss和Davidsson，2001；Sallach和Macal，2001；Sichman，Conte和Gilbert，1998），并创建了新期刊《人工社会与社会模拟杂志》（http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/JASSS/）。

MAS are computer systems that contain more than one computational agent. The agents are autonomous: They have control over their own behavior and can act without the intervention of humans or other systems. Interest in MAS among computer scientists was first driven by the development of multiprocessor computers in the 1980s and then by the rapid expansion of the Internet in the 1990s.

MAS are computer systems that contain more than one computational agent. The agents are autonomous: They have control over their own behavior and can act without the intervention of humans or other systems. Interest in MAS among computer scientists was first driven by the development of multiprocessor computers in the 1980s and then by the rapid expansion of the Internet in the 1990s.