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第13行：
第13行： + 第20行：
第21行： − 人工社会的目的是构建具有给定属性的，由称为主体的计算设备并行仿真，以便对目标现象进行建模。+ 第30行：
第31行： − 基于主体建模的历史可以追溯到冯·诺依曼机器，其概念是有一种能够复制的机器。他假设的设备将按照精确详细的指示制作一个自己的复制品。冯·诺依曼的朋友斯坦尼斯拉夫·乌兰姆（Stanislaw Ulam）也是一位数学家，后来对该概念进行了扩展，他建议将机器构建在纸上，作为网格上的细胞集合。 这个想法引起了冯·诺依曼（von Neumann）的注意，他提出了这个想法，因此创造了第一个被称为元胞自动机的设备。+ 第38行：
第39行： − + 第46行：
第47行： − + 第54行：
第55行： − 人工生命的计算方法被应用到社会系统分析中，由约书亚·爱泼斯坦（Joshua M. Epstein）和罗伯特·阿克斯泰尔（Robert Axtell）命名为“人工社会”。最终，人工社会以计算社会学的形式提供了一种新的社会学分析方法。主要问题在于古典社会学，即宏观-微观联系的问题：由法国社会学家埃米尔·杜尔克海姆（ÉmileDurkheim）首先提出，这个问题指的是社会系统中的个人是如何影响，和受到宏观社会层面的影响的。+ − +
无编辑摘要
--[[用户:趣木木|趣木木]]（[[用户讨论:趣木木|讨论]]）记得章节名也要翻译一下
--[[用户:趣木木|趣木木]]（[[用户讨论:趣木木|讨论]]）记得章节名也要翻译一下
== Overview ==
== Overview ==
== 概括 ==
The aim is to construct parallel simulations consisting of computational devices, referred to as agents, with given properties, in order to model the target phenomena. The subject is the process of emergence from the lower (micro) level of a social system to the higher (or macro) level.
The aim is to construct parallel simulations consisting of computational devices, referred to as agents, with given properties, in order to model the target phenomena. The subject is the process of emergence from the lower (micro) level of a social system to the higher (or macro) level.
人工社会旨在构建由计算性设备组成的并行仿真模型。由给定属性的主体组成，其目的是对目标现象进行建模。
--[[用户:趣木木|趣木木]]（[[用户讨论:趣木木|讨论]]）The aim is to construct parallel simulations consisting of computational devices, referred to as agents, with given properties, in order to model the target phenomena. 可以再想想 分开两句话进行叙述
--[[用户:趣木木|趣木木]]（[[用户讨论:趣木木|讨论]]）The aim is to construct parallel simulations consisting of computational devices, referred to as agents, with given properties, in order to model the target phenomena. 可以再想想 分开两句话进行叙述
The history of agent-based modeling can be traced back to Von Neumann machines, the concept of a machine capable of reproduction. The device he proposed would follow precisely detailed instructions to fashion a copy of itself. The concept was then extended by von Neumann's friend Stanislaw Ulam, also a mathematician, who suggested that the machine be built on paper, as a collection of cells on a grid. The idea intrigued von Neumann, who drew it up, thus creating the first of the devices later termed cellular automata.
The history of agent-based modeling can be traced back to Von Neumann machines, the concept of a machine capable of reproduction. The device he proposed would follow precisely detailed instructions to fashion a copy of itself. The concept was then extended by von Neumann's friend Stanislaw Ulam, also a mathematician, who suggested that the machine be built on paper, as a collection of cells on a grid. The idea intrigued von Neumann, who drew it up, thus creating the first of the devices later termed cellular automata.
基于主体建模的历史可以追溯到冯·诺依曼机器，其概念是有一种能够复制的机器。他假设的设备将按照精确详细的指示制作一个自己的复制品。冯·诺依曼的朋友斯坦尼斯拉夫·乌兰姆Stanislaw Ulam也是一位数学家，后来对该概念进行了扩展，他建议将机器构建在纸上，作为网格上的细胞集合。 这个想法引起了冯·诺依曼Von Neumann的注意，他提出了这个想法，因此创造了第一个被称为元胞自动机的设备。
--[[用户:趣木木|趣木木]]（[[用户讨论:趣木木|讨论]]）冯·诺依曼（von Neumann） 英文大写 去掉括号 这个是自审清单里面的要求格式
--[[用户:趣木木|趣木木]]（[[用户讨论:趣木木|讨论]]）冯·诺依曼（von Neumann） 英文大写 去掉括号 这个是自审清单里面的要求格式
A further advance was achieved by mathematician John Conway. He constructed the well-known game of life. Unlike von Neumann's machine, Conway's Game of Life operated according to tremendously simple rules in a virtual world in the form of a 2-dimensional checkerboard.
A further advance was achieved by mathematician John Conway. He constructed the well-known game of life. Unlike von Neumann's machine, Conway's Game of Life operated according to tremendously simple rules in a virtual world in the form of a 2-dimensional checkerboard.
随后数学家John Conway取得了进一步的发展。他构建了著名的《生命游戏》。与冯·诺依曼（von Neumann）的机器不同，康威（Conway）的《生命游戏》以二维棋盘的形式在虚拟世界中根据极其简单的规则进行操作。
随后数学家John Conway取得了进一步的发展。他构建了著名的《生命游戏》。与冯·诺依曼Von Neumann的机器不同，康威Conway的《生命游戏》以二维棋盘的形式在虚拟世界中根据极其简单的规则进行操作。
The application of the agent-based model as a social model was primarily initiated by computer scientist Craig Reynolds. He attempted to model living biological agents, a method known as artificial life, a term coined by Christopher Langton.
The application of the agent-based model as a social model was primarily initiated by computer scientist Craig Reynolds. He attempted to model living biological agents, a method known as artificial life, a term coined by Christopher Langton.
基于主体建模作为社会模型的应用主要由计算机科学家Craig Reynolds发起。他试图建立具有活性生物主体的模型，这种方法被称为“人工生命”，这个术语是由克里斯托弗·兰顿（Christopher Langton）创造的。
基于主体建模作为社会模型的应用主要由计算机科学家Craig Reynolds发起。他试图建立具有活性生物主体的模型，这种方法被称为“人工生命”，这个术语是由克里斯托弗·兰顿Christopher Langton创造的。
The computational methods of artificial life were applied to the analysis of social systems, christened "the artificial society" by Joshua M. Epstein and Robert Axtell. Eventually, the artificial society provided a new method for sociological analysis in the form of computational sociology. The principal problem is that of classical sociology, the issue of macro-micro linkage: as first articulated by French Sociologist Émile Durkheim, the question of how individuals within a social system influence and are influenced by the macrosocial level.
The computational methods of artificial life were applied to the analysis of social systems, christened "the artificial society" by Joshua M. Epstein and Robert Axtell. Eventually, the artificial society provided a new method for sociological analysis in the form of computational sociology. The principal problem is that of classical sociology, the issue of macro-micro linkage: as first articulated by French Sociologist Émile Durkheim, the question of how individuals within a social system influence and are influenced by the macrosocial level.
人工生命的计算方法被应用到社会系统分析中，由约书亚·爱泼斯坦Joshua M. Epstein和罗伯特·阿克斯泰尔Robert Axtell命名为“人工社会”。最终，人工社会以计算社会学的形式提供了一种新的社会学分析方法。主要问题在于古典社会学，即宏观-微观联系的问题：由法国社会学家埃米尔·杜尔克海姆ÉmileDurkheim首先提出，这个问题指的是社会系统中的个人是如何影响，以及受到宏观社会层面的影响的。
--[[用户:趣木木|趣木木]]（[[用户讨论:趣木木|讨论]]）这个问题指的是社会系统中的个人是如何影响， 这句话是说个人如何相互影响吗？
--[[用户:趣木木|趣木木]]（[[用户讨论:趣木木|讨论]]）这个问题指的是社会系统中的个人是如何影响，这句话是说个人如何相互影响吗？ 不是，是个人对宏观社会层面。“这个问题指的是社会系统中的个人是如何影响，以及受到宏观社会层面的影响的。”