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第8行： − − − − In [[mathematics]] and [[science]], a '''nonlinear system''' is a [[system]] in which the change of the output is not [[proportionality (mathematics)|proportional]] to the change of the input.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.mit.edu/2010/explained-linear-0226|title=Explained: Linear and nonlinear systems|work=MIT News|access-date=2018-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/activity/mathematics/applied-maths/nonlinear-systems.aspx|title=Nonlinear systems, Applied Mathematics - University of Birmingham|website=www.birmingham.ac.uk|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-06-30}}</ref> Nonlinear problems are of interest to [[engineer]]s, [[biologist]]s,<ref>{{Citation|date=2007|pages=181–276|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-540-34153-6_7|isbn=9783540341529|title = The Nonlinear Universe|series = The Frontiers Collection|chapter = Nonlinear Biology}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Korenberg|first=Michael J.|last2=Hunter|first2=Ian W.|date=March 1996|title=The identification of nonlinear biological systems: Volterra kernel approaches|journal=Annals of Biomedical Engineering|language=en|volume=24|issue=2|pages=250–268|doi=10.1007/bf02667354|issn=0090-6964}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Mosconi|first=Francesco|last2=Julou|first2=Thomas|last3=Desprat|first3=Nicolas|last4=Sinha|first4=Deepak Kumar|last5=Allemand|first5=Jean-François|last6=Vincent Croquette|last7=Bensimon|first7=David|date=2008|title=Some nonlinear challenges in biology|url=http://stacks.iop.org/0951-7715/21/i=8/a=T03|journal=Nonlinearity|language=en|volume=21|issue=8|pages=T131|doi=10.1088/0951-7715/21/8/T03|issn=0951-7715|bibcode=2008Nonli..21..131M}}</ref> [[physicist]]s,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gintautas|first1=V.|title=Resonant forcing of nonlinear systems of differential equations|journal=Chaos|date=2008|volume=18|issue=3|pages=033118|doi=10.1063/1.2964200|pmid=19045456|arxiv=0803.2252|bibcode=2008Chaos..18c3118G}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Stephenson|first1=C.|last2=et.|first2=al.|title=Topological properties of a self-assembled electrical network via ab initio calculation|journal=Sci. Rep.|volume=7|pages=41621|date=2017|doi=10.1038/srep41621|pmid=28155863|pmc=5290745|bibcode=2017NatSR...741621S}}</ref> [[mathematician]]s, and many other [[scientist]]s because most systems are inherently nonlinear in nature.<ref>{{cite book|last1=de Canete|first1=Javier, Cipriano Galindo, and Inmaculada Garcia-Moral|title=System Engineering and Automation: An Interactive Educational Approach|date=2011|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3642202292|page=46|url=https://books.google.com/?id=h8rCQYXGGY8C&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=most+systems+are+inherently+nonlinear+in+nature#v=onepage&q=most%20systems%20are%20inherently%20nonlinear%20in%20nature&f=false|accessdate=20 January 2018}}</ref> Nonlinear [[dynamical system]]s, describing changes in variables over time, may appear chaotic, unpredictable, or counterintuitive, contrasting with much simpler [[linear system]]s. − +
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{{About|"nonlinearity" in mathematics, physics and other sciences|video and film editing|Non-linear editing system|other uses|Nonlinearity (disambiguation)}}
{{About|"nonlinearity" in mathematics, physics and other sciences|video and film editing|Non-linear editing system|other uses|Nonlinearity (disambiguation)}}
In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input. Nonlinear problems are of interest to engineers, biologists, physicists, mathematicians, and many other scientists because most systems are inherently nonlinear in nature. Nonlinear dynamical systems, describing changes in variables over time, may appear chaotic, unpredictable, or counterintuitive, contrasting with much simpler linear systems.
In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input. Nonlinear problems are of interest to engineers, biologists, physicists, mathematicians, and many other scientists because most systems are inherently nonlinear in nature. Nonlinear dynamical systems, describing changes in variables over time, may appear chaotic, unpredictable, or counterintuitive, contrasting with much simpler linear systems.
在数学及科学中，'''非线性系统 Nonlinear System'''是一种输出的变化与输入的变化不成比例的系统<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.mit.edu/2010/explained-linear-0226|title=Explained: Linear and nonlinear systems|work=MIT News|access-date=2018-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/activity/mathematics/applied-maths/nonlinear-systems.aspx|title=Nonlinear systems, Applied Mathematics - University of Birmingham|website=www.birmingham.ac.uk|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-06-30}}</ref>。大多数系统在本质上是非线性的，因而非线性问题引起了工程师、生物学家、物理学家、数学家和许多其他科学家的兴趣。描述变量随时间变化的非线性动力系统与较之简单得多的线性系统相比，可能显得混沌、不可预测或违反直觉。
在数学及科学中，'''非线性系统 Nonlinear System'''是一种输出的变化与输入的变化不成比例的系统<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.mit.edu/2010/explained-linear-0226|title=Explained: Linear and nonlinear systems|work=MIT News|access-date=2018-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/activity/mathematics/applied-maths/nonlinear-systems.aspx|title=Nonlinear systems, Applied Mathematics - University of Birmingham|website=www.birmingham.ac.uk|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-06-30}}</ref>。大多数系统在本质上是非线性的，因而非线性问题引起了工程师、,<ref>{{Citation|date=2007|pages=181–276|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-540-34153-6_7|isbn=9783540341529|title = The Nonlinear Universe|series = The Frontiers Collection|chapter = Nonlinear Biology}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Korenberg|first=Michael J.|last2=Hunter|first2=Ian W.|date=March 1996|title=The identification of nonlinear biological systems: Volterra kernel approaches|journal=Annals of Biomedical Engineering|language=en|volume=24|issue=2|pages=250–268|doi=10.1007/bf02667354|issn=0090-6964}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Mosconi|first=Francesco|last2=Julou|first2=Thomas|last3=Desprat|first3=Nicolas|last4=Sinha|first4=Deepak Kumar|last5=Allemand|first5=Jean-François|last6=Vincent Croquette|last7=Bensimon|first7=David|date=2008|title=Some nonlinear challenges in biology|url=http://stacks.iop.org/0951-7715/21/i=8/a=T03|journal=Nonlinearity|language=en|volume=21|issue=8|pages=T131|doi=10.1088/0951-7715/21/8/T03|issn=0951-7715|bibcode=2008Nonli..21..131M}}</ref>生物学家、物理学家<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gintautas|first1=V.|title=Resonant forcing of nonlinear systems of differential equations|journal=Chaos|date=2008|volume=18|issue=3|pages=033118|doi=10.1063/1.2964200|pmid=19045456|arxiv=0803.2252|bibcode=2008Chaos..18c3118G}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Stephenson|first1=C.|last2=et.|first2=al.|title=Topological properties of a self-assembled electrical network via ab initio calculation|journal=Sci. Rep.|volume=7|pages=41621|date=2017|doi=10.1038/srep41621|pmid=28155863|pmc=5290745|bibcode=2017NatSR...741621S}}</ref>、数学家和许多其他科学家的兴趣<ref>{{cite book|last1=de Canete|first1=Javier, Cipriano Galindo, and Inmaculada Garcia-Moral|title=System Engineering and Automation: An Interactive Educational Approach|date=2011|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3642202292|page=46|url=https://books.google.com/?id=h8rCQYXGGY8C&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=most+systems+are+inherently+nonlinear+in+nature#v=onepage&q=most%20systems%20are%20inherently%20nonlinear%20in%20nature&f=false|accessdate=20 January 2018}}</ref>。描述变量随时间变化的非线性动力系统与较之简单得多的线性系统相比，可能显得混沌、不可预测或违反直觉。