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An evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is a strategy (or set of strategies) which, if adopted by a population in a given environment, is impenetrable, meaning that it cannot be invaded by any alternative strategy (or strategies) that are initially rare. It is relevant in game theory, behavioural ecology, and evolutionary psychology. An ESS is an equilibrium refinement of the Nash equilibrium. It is a Nash equilibrium that is "evolutionarily" stable: once it is fixed in a population, natural selection alone is sufficient to prevent alternative (mutant) strategies from invading successfully. The theory is not intended to deal with the possibility of gross external changes to the environment that bring new selective forces to bear.

An evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is a strategy (or set of strategies) which, if adopted by a population in a given environment, is impenetrable, meaning that it cannot be invaded by any alternative strategy (or strategies) that are initially rare. It is relevant in game theory, behavioural ecology, and evolutionary psychology. An ESS is an equilibrium refinement of the Nash equilibrium. It is a Nash equilibrium that is "evolutionarily" stable: once it is fixed in a population, natural selection alone is sufficient to prevent alternative (mutant) strategies from invading successfully. The theory is not intended to deal with the possibility of gross external changes to the environment that bring new selective forces to bear.

进化均衡策略Evolutionarily Stable Strategy（ESS）是指一个种群在特定环境下采用的策略或策略组，它具有不可渗透性，即该群体不可能被初期占比小的其他策略或策略组所入侵。它与博弈论，行为生态学和进化心理学有关。进化均衡策略ESS是纳什平衡Nash equilibrium（Q问题：在集智百科“博弈论”里面翻译为纳什平衡，在词条“Nash equilibrium”翻译为纳什均衡，暂时采用了博弈论里面的翻译）的细化，相当于是稳定进化的纳什平衡：一旦该种群采取了此策略，仅自然选择过程就足以防止其他（变异）的策略成功入侵。该理论并非旨在处理外部总体环境可能发生的变化，以此带来的全新的选择性力量。

进化均衡策略Evolutionarily Stable Strategy（ESS）是指一个种群在特定环境下采用的策略或策略组，它具有不可渗透性，即该群体不可能被初期占比小的其他策略或策略组所入侵。它与博弈论，行为生态学和进化心理学有关。进化均衡策略是纳什平衡Nash equilibrium（Q问题：在集智百科“博弈论”里面翻译为纳什平衡，在词条“Nash equilibrium”翻译为纳什均衡，暂时采用了博弈论里面的翻译）的细化，相当于是稳定进化的纳什平衡：一旦该种群采取了此策略，仅自然选择过程就足以防止其他（变异）的策略成功入侵。该理论并非通过有目的性地处理外部总体环境可能发生的变化，来引入新的种群进化选择力。

First published as a specific term in the 1972 book by John Maynard Smith, the ESS is widely used in behavioural ecology and economics, and has been used in anthropology, evolutionary psychology, philosophy, and political science.

First published as a specific term in the 1972 book by John Maynard Smith, the ESS is widely used in behavioural ecology and economics, and has been used in anthropology, evolutionary psychology, philosophy, and political science.

在1972年由约翰·梅纳德·史密斯John Maynard Smith出版的书中，进化均衡策略ESS首次作为一个特定的术语出现，它广泛应用于行为生态学和经济学，同时在人类学、进化心理学、哲学和政治科学中均已被使用。

在1972年由约翰·梅纳德·史密斯John Maynard Smith出版的书中，进化均衡策略首次作为一个特定的术语出现，它广泛应用于行为生态学和经济学，同时在人类学、进化心理学、哲学和政治科学中均已被使用。