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第86行：
第86行： − ==here== − + 第100行：
第99行： − + − + − + 第116行：
第115行： − 这种情况下的一般过程可能包括周围环境对系统所做的功，这是因为在系统内部会产生摩擦或粘滞效应，此时是由于化学反应可能正在进行，或热传递实际上是不可逆地发生，通过系统温度<math>T</math>和周围环境温度<math>T_surr</math>之间存在差异而进行驱动。+ + + + + − + − −
→here： 审校1
In a fictive reversible process, an infinitesimal increment in the entropy ({{math|d''S''}}) of a system is defined to result from an infinitesimal transfer of heat ({{math|δ''Q''}}) to a [[closed system]] (which allows the entry or exit of energy – but not transfer of matter) divided by the common temperature ({{math|''T''}}) of the system in equilibrium and the surroundings which supply the heat:<ref>Bailyn, M. (1994), p. 120.</ref>
In a fictive reversible process, an infinitesimal increment in the entropy ({{math|d''S''}}) of a system is defined to result from an infinitesimal transfer of heat ({{math|δ''Q''}}) to a [[closed system]] (which allows the entry or exit of energy – but not transfer of matter) divided by the common temperature ({{math|''T''}}) of the system in equilibrium and the surroundings which supply the heat:<ref>Bailyn, M. (1994), p. 120.</ref>
In a fictive reversible process, an infinitesimal increment in the entropy () of a system is defined to result from an infinitesimal transfer of heat () to a closed system (which allows the entry or exit of energy – but not transfer of matter) divided by the common temperature () of the system in equilibrium and the surroundings which supply the heat:
In a fictive reversible process, an infinitesimal increment in the entropy () of a system is defined to result from an infinitesimal transfer of heat () to a closed system (which allows the entry or exit of energy – but not transfer of matter) divided by the common temperature () of the system in equilibrium and the surroundings which supply the heat:
在<font color = 'red'><s>设置的虚拟</s></font> <font color = 'blue'>假想的</font>可逆过程中，系统的熵的无穷小增量<math>dS</math>被定义为由无穷小的热量<math>δQ</math>传递到一个封闭系统(允许能量进入或出去，但不允许物质传递)除以平衡系统和提供热量的环境的共同温度 <math>T</math> :
在<font color = 'red'><s>设置的虚拟</s></font> <font color = 'blue'>假想的</font>可逆过程中，系统的熵的无穷小增量<math>dS</math>被定义为由无穷小的热量<math>δQ</math>传递到一个封闭系统(允许能量进入或出去，但不允许物质传递<blue>的系统</blue>)除以<blue>该</blue>平衡系统和提供热量的环境的共同温度 <math>T</math>:
Different notations are used for infinitesimal amounts of heat () and infinitesimal amounts of entropy () because entropy is a function of state, while heat, like work, is not. For an actually possible infinitesimal process without exchange of mass with the surroundings, the second law requires that the increment in system entropy fulfills the inequality
Different notations are used for infinitesimal amounts of heat () and infinitesimal amounts of entropy () because entropy is a function of state, while heat, like work, is not. For an actually possible infinitesimal process without exchange of mass with the surroundings, the second law requires that the increment in system entropy fulfills the inequality
用不同的符号''δ''和''d''表示无穷小量的热量和无穷小量的熵 ，因为熵是状态函数，而热量和功一样不是状态函数。第二定律要求系统熵的增量满足不等式，对于实际上可能存在的不与环境发生质量交换的无穷小过程，系统熵增量满足不等式
用不同的符号''δ''和''d''表示无穷小量的热量和无穷小量的熵，因为熵是状态函数，而热量和功一样<blue>则</blue>不是状态函数。<red><s>第二定律要求系统熵的增量满足不等式，</s></red>对于实际上可能存在的不与环境发生<red><s>质量</s></red><blue>物质</blue>交换的无穷小过程，<blue>第二定律要求</blue>系统熵增量满足不等式
: <math>\mathrm dS > \frac{\delta Q}{T_{surr}} \,\, \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \text {(closed system, actually possible, irreversible process 封闭系统中理想状态下的可逆过程).}</math>
: <math>\mathrm dS > \frac{\delta Q}{T_{surr}} \,\, \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \text {(closed system, actually possible, irreversible process 封闭系统中<red><s>理想状态下</s></red><blue>实际上可能发生</blue>的可逆过程).}</math>
--[[用户:嘉树|嘉树]]（[[用户讨论:嘉树|讨论]]） 根据上下文（讲到封闭系统），此处疑“mass”译为物质更佳
<blue>这是因为</blue>这种情况下的一般过程可能包括周围环境对系统所做的功，<red><s>这是因为</s></red><blue>这个功</blue>在系统内部会产生摩擦或粘滞效应，<blue>或是因为</blue>此时<red><s>是由于</s></red><blue>一个</blue>化学反应可能正在<blue>系统内部</blue>进行，或<blue>因为</blue>热传递实际上是不可逆地发生，<red><s>通过</s></red>系统温度<math>T</math>和周围环境温度<math>T_surr</math>之间<red><s>存在差异而进行驱动</s></red><blue>的差异驱动了热传递的发生</blue>。
--[[用户:趣木木|趣木木]]（[[用户讨论:趣木木|讨论]]）该句有些不太理解
--[[用户:趣木木|趣木木]]（[[用户讨论:趣木木|讨论]]）该句有些不太理解
--[[用户:嘉树|嘉树]]（[[用户讨论:嘉树|讨论]]） 我觉得应该是“This is because a general process……，because a chemical reaction……，or because heat transfer……surroundings (<sub>surr</sub>).”的并列结构。
==here==
--[[用户:嘉树|嘉树]]（[[用户讨论:嘉树|讨论]]）and the temperature of the surroundings (<sub>surr</sub>)后面缺少半句原文：“Note that the equality still applies for pure heat flow,”
<blue>注意这个等式也适用于'''纯热流Pure Heat Flow''',</blue>
: <math>\mathrm dS = \frac{\delta Q}{T} \,\, \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \text {(actually possible quasistatic irreversible process without composition change 实际上可能<blue>的,</blue><red><s>是</s></red>不改变成分的准静态不可逆性).}</math>
: <math>\mathrm dS = \frac{\delta Q}{T} \,\, \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \text {(actually possible quasistatic irreversible process without composition change 实际上可能是不改变成分的准静态不可逆性).}</math>