863
个编辑
更改
跳到导航
跳到搜索
第23行：
第23行： − − Some concepts of particular importance for non-equilibrium thermodynamics include time rate of dissipation of energy (Rayleigh 1873,<ref name="Rayleigh 1873">{{Cite journal | last1 = Strutt | first1 = J. W. | doi = 10.1112/plms/s1-4.1.357 | title = Some General Theorems relating to Vibrations | journal = Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society | year = 1871 | volume = s1-4 | pages = 357–368 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1447754 }}</ref> [[Lars Onsager|Onsager]] 1931,<ref name="Onsager 1931 I">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.37.405 | last1 = Onsager | first1 = L. | year = 1931 | title = Reciprocal relations in irreversible processes, I | url = | journal = Physical Review | volume = 37 | issue = 4| pages = 405–426 |bibcode = 1931PhRv...37..405O | doi-access = free }}</ref> also<ref name="Gyarmati 1970">Gyarmati, I. (1967/1970).</ref><ref name="Lavenda 1978">Lavenda, B.H. (1978). ''Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes'', Macmillan, London, {{ISBN|0-333-21616-4}}.</ref>), time rate of entropy production (Onsager 1931),<ref name="Onsager 1931 I"/> thermodynamic fields,<ref>Gyarmati, I. (1967/1970), pages 4-14.</ref><ref name="Ziegler 1983">Ziegler, H., (1983). ''An Introduction to Thermomechanics'', North-Holland, Amsterdam, {{ISBN|0-444-86503-9}}.</ref><ref name="Balescu">Balescu, R. (1975). ''Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics'', Wiley-Interscience, New York, {{ISBN|0-471-04600-0}}, Section 3.2, pages 64-72.</ref> [[dissipative structure]],<ref name="G&P 1971"/> and non-linear dynamical structure.<ref name="Lavenda 1978"/> − − Some concepts of particular importance for non-equilibrium thermodynamics include time rate of dissipation of energy (Rayleigh 1873, Onsager 1931, also), time rate of entropy production (Onsager 1931),thermodynamic fields, dissipative structure,and non-linear dynamical structure.
→Overview 概述
非平衡态热力学是一项正在进行的工作，而不是一座已经建立的大厦。本文试图勾勒出一些方法和一些重要的概念。
非平衡态热力学是一项正在进行的工作，而不是一座已经建立的大厦。本文试图勾勒出一些方法和一些重要的概念。
非平衡态热力学中一些特别重要的概念包括能量耗散的时间速率(Rayleigh 1873<ref name="Rayleigh 1873">{{Cite journal | last1 = Strutt | first1 = J. W. | doi = 10.1112/plms/s1-4.1.357 | title = Some General Theorems relating to Vibrations | journal = Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society | year = 1871 | volume = s1-4 | pages = 357–368 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1447754 }}</ref> ，Onsager 1931<ref name="Onsager 1931 I">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.37.405 | last1 = Onsager | first1 = L. | year = 1931 | title = Reciprocal relations in irreversible processes, I | url = | journal = Physical Review | volume = 37 | issue = 4| pages = 405–426 |bibcode = 1931PhRv...37..405O | doi-access = free }}</ref> <ref name="Gyarmati 1970">Gyarmati, I. (1967/1970).</ref><ref name="Lavenda 1978">Lavenda, B.H. (1978). ''Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes'', Macmillan, London, {{ISBN|0-333-21616-4}}.</ref>)、<ref name="Onsager 1931 I"/> thermodynamic fields,<ref>Gyarmati, I. (1967/1970), pages 4-14.</ref><ref name="Ziegler 1983">Ziegler, H., (1983). ''An Introduction to Thermomechanics'', North-Holland, Amsterdam, {{ISBN|0-444-86503-9}}.</ref><ref name="Balescu">Balescu, R. (1975). ''Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics'', Wiley-Interscience, New York, {{ISBN|0-471-04600-0}}, Section 3.2, pages 64-72.</ref> 熵产生速率(Onsager 1931)、热力学场、耗散结构和非线性动力结构。<ref name="Balescu">Balescu, R. (1975). ''Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics'', Wiley-Interscience, New York, {{ISBN|0-471-04600-0}}, Section 3.2, pages 64-72.</ref> [[dissipative structure]],<ref name="G&P 1971"/> and non-linear dynamical structure.<ref name="Lavenda 1978"/>
非平衡态热力学中一些特别重要的概念包括能量耗散的时间速率(Rayleigh 1873<ref name="Rayleigh 1873">{{Cite journal | last1 = Strutt | first1 = J. W. | doi = 10.1112/plms/s1-4.1.357 | title = Some General Theorems relating to Vibrations | journal = Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society | year = 1871 | volume = s1-4 | pages = 357–368 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1447754 }}</ref> ，Onsager 1931<ref name="Onsager 1931 I">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.37.405 | last1 = Onsager | first1 = L. | year = 1931 | title = Reciprocal relations in irreversible processes, I | url = | journal = Physical Review | volume = 37 | issue = 4| pages = 405–426 |bibcode = 1931PhRv...37..405O | doi-access = free }}</ref> <ref name="Gyarmati 1970">Gyarmati, I. (1967/1970).</ref><ref name="Lavenda 1978">Lavenda, B.H. (1978). ''Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes'', Macmillan, London, {{ISBN|0-333-21616-4}}.</ref>)、<ref name="Onsager 1931 I"/> thermodynamic fields,<ref>Gyarmati, I. (1967/1970), pages 4-14.</ref><ref name="Ziegler 1983">Ziegler, H., (1983). ''An Introduction to Thermomechanics'', North-Holland, Amsterdam, {{ISBN|0-444-86503-9}}.</ref><ref name="Balescu">Balescu, R. (1975). ''Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics'', Wiley-Interscience, New York, {{ISBN|0-471-04600-0}}, Section 3.2, pages 64-72.</ref> 熵产生速率(Onsager 1931)、热力学场、耗散结构和非线性动力结构。<ref name="Balescu">Balescu, R. (1975). ''Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics'', Wiley-Interscience, New York, {{ISBN|0-471-04600-0}}, Section 3.2, pages 64-72.</ref> [[dissipative structure]],<ref name="G&P 1971"/> and non-linear dynamical structure.<ref name="Lavenda 1978"/>