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==Non-equilibrium states==

==Non-equilibrium states==

 

{{main article|Non-equilibrium thermodynamics}}

{{main article|Non-equilibrium thermodynamics}}

The theory of classical or equilibrium thermodynamics is idealized. A main postulate or assumption, often not even explicitly stated, is the existence of systems in their own internal states of thermodynamic equilibrium. In general, a region of space containing a physical system at a given time, that may be found in nature, is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, read in the most stringent terms. In looser terms, nothing in the entire universe is or has ever been truly in exact thermodynamic equilibrium.

The theory of classical or equilibrium thermodynamics is idealized. A main postulate or assumption, often not even explicitly stated, is the existence of systems in their own internal states of thermodynamic equilibrium. In general, a region of space containing a physical system at a given time, that may be found in nature, is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, read in the most stringent terms. In looser terms, nothing in the entire universe is or has ever been truly in exact thermodynamic equilibrium.

经典热力学或平衡热力学理论是理想化的。 其主要假定或假设(往往无明确说明)，是基于系统处在自身内部的热力学平衡状态。 通常，在自然界可能发现的，在给定时间包含物理系统的空间区域，其热力学平衡状态并不是能用最严格的术语来表示。 用较宽泛的术语来说，整个宇宙中没有任何东西是或曾经是真正处于精确的热力学平衡状态中。

经典热力学或平衡热力学理论是理想化的。其主要假定或假设（<font color = 'red'><s>往往无明确说明</s></font><font color = 'blue'>通常甚至没有明确地陈述</font>），是基于系统处在自身内部的热力学平衡状态。

通常，在自然界可能发现的，在给定时间包含物理系统的空间区域，其热力学平衡状态并不是能用最严格的术语来表示。 用较宽泛的术语来说，整个宇宙中没有任何东西是或曾经是真正处于精确的热力学平衡状态中。