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Torkel Klingberg was the first to investigate whether intensive training of working memory has beneficial effects on other cognitive functions. His pioneering study suggested that working memory can be improved by training in ADHD patients through computerized programs. This study has found that a period of working memory training increases a range of cognitive abilities and increases IQ test scores. Another study of the same group has shown that, after training, measured brain activity related to working memory increased in the prefrontal cortex, an area that many researchers have associated with working memory functions. It has been shown in one study that working memory training increases the density of prefrontal and parietal dopamine receptors (specifically, DRD1) in test persons. However, subsequent work with the same training program has failed to replicate the beneficial effects of training on cognitive performance. A meta-analytic summary of research with Klingberg's training program up to 2011 shows that this training has at best a negligible effect on tests of intelligence and of attention

Torkel Klingberg was the first to investigate whether intensive training of working memory has beneficial effects on other cognitive functions. His pioneering study suggested that working memory can be improved by training in ADHD patients through computerized programs. This study has found that a period of working memory training increases a range of cognitive abilities and increases IQ test scores. Another study of the same group has shown that, after training, measured brain activity related to working memory increased in the prefrontal cortex, an area that many researchers have associated with working memory functions. It has been shown in one study that working memory training increases the density of prefrontal and parietal dopamine receptors (specifically, DRD1) in test persons. However, subsequent work with the same training program has failed to replicate the beneficial effects of training on cognitive performance. A meta-analytic summary of research with Klingberg's training program up to 2011 shows that this training has at best a negligible effect on tests of intelligence and of attention

托克尔 · 克林伯格 Torkel Klingberg 是第一个研究工作记忆强化训练是否对其他认知功能有益的人。他开创性的研究表明ADHD患者的工作记忆经电脑程序训练得到改善。该研究发现进行一定的'''<font color="#ff8000">工作记忆训练 Working Memory Training</font>'''可提高一系列的认知能力及 IQ 测试成绩。对同一群体的另一项研究表明，经过训练后，测量的与工作记忆有关的大脑活动在脑前额叶外皮中增加了，这个区域被许多研究人员与工作记忆功能联系在一起。一项研究表明，工作记忆训练增加了受试者的前额叶和顶叶多巴胺受体(特别是 DRD1)的密度。然而，后续的工作与同样的训练计划已经无法复制训练对认知表现的有益影响。克林伯格2011年之前的训练计划的研究的元分析总结表明，这种训练在智力和注意力测试中充其量只有微不足道的效果

托克尔 · 克林伯格 Torkel Klingberg 是第一个研究工作记忆强化训练是否对其他认知功能有益的人。他开创性的研究表明ADHD患者的工作记忆经电脑程序训练得到改善。该研究发现进行一定的'''<font color="#ff8000">工作记忆训练 Working Memory Training</font>'''可提高一系列的认知能力及 IQ 测试成绩。对同一群体的另一项研究表明，训练之后大脑活动测度与脑前额叶外皮层的增加呈正相关，被许多研究人员认为该区域关乎工作记忆功能。还有一项研究表明，工作记忆训练能增加受试者前额叶和顶叶多巴胺受体(特别是 DRD1)的密度。然而，同样训练方案的后续工作未能再现这些有益影响。一份关于截至2011年的克林伯格 Klingberg 训练方案研究的元分析总结表明，对于智力和注意力测试这种训练充其量只有微不足道的效果。

 

 

In another influential study, training with a working memory task (the dual n-back task) has improved performance on a fluid intelligence test in healthy young adults. The improvement of fluid intelligence by training with the n-back task was replicated in 2010, but two studies published in 2012 failed to reproduce the effect. The combined evidence from about 30 experimental studies on the effectiveness of working-memory training has been evaluated by several meta-analyses. The authors of these meta-analyses disagree in their conclusions as to whether or not working-memory training improves intelligence. Yet, these meta-analyses agree in their estimate of the size of the effect of working-memory training: If there is such an effect, it is likely to be small.

In another influential study, training with a working memory task (the dual n-back task) has improved performance on a fluid intelligence test in healthy young adults. The improvement of fluid intelligence by training with the n-back task was replicated in 2010, but two studies published in 2012 failed to reproduce the effect. The combined evidence from about 30 experimental studies on the effectiveness of working-memory training has been evaluated by several meta-analyses. The authors of these meta-analyses disagree in their conclusions as to whether or not working-memory training improves intelligence. Yet, these meta-analyses agree in their estimate of the size of the effect of working-memory training: If there is such an effect, it is likely to be small.

在另一项有影响力的研究中，工作记忆任务(双 n-back 任务)训练提高了健康年轻人在流体智力测试中的表现。2010年重复了通过 n-back 任务训练提高流体智力的实验，但2012年发表的两项研究未能重现这一效果。大约30个关于工作记忆训练有效性的实验研究的综合证据已经被一些元分析评估。关于工作记忆训练是否能提高智力，这些元分析的作者不同意他们的结论。然而，这些元分析对工作记忆训练效果的估计是一致的: 如果有这样的效果，那么它可能是很小的。

在另一项有影响力的研究中，工作记忆任务('''<font color="#ff8000">双 n-back 任务 the dual n-back task)</font>'''训练提高了健康青年在流体智力测试中的表现。2010年再现了通过 n-back 任务训练提高流体智力的实验，但2012年发表的两项研究未能重现这一效果。一些元分析对约30个关于工作记忆训练有效性实验研究的综合证据进行了评估，对工作记忆训练是否能提高智力，分析者呈否定意见。然而，这些元分析对工作记忆训练效果的达成一致的是: 若确有提高效果，那可能也非常小。

== 脑内 In the brain ==

== 脑内 In the brain ==