370
个编辑
更改
跳到导航
跳到搜索
第2行：
第2行： − − {{About|Google's specific implementation of knowledge graph technology|knowledge engine technology in general|Knowledge engine (disambiguation){{!}}Knowledge engine|knowledge graphs in information science|Knowledge graph}} − − {{use mdy dates|date=May 2012}} − 第13行：
第8行： − − − − Google announced Knowledge Graph on May 16, 2012, as a way to significantly enhance the value of information returned by Google searches.<ref name="Introducing the Knowledge Graph">{{cite web |first=Amit |last=Singhal |authorlink=Amit Singhal |title=Introducing the Knowledge Graph: things, not strings |url=https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not.html |website=Official Google Blog |publisher=[[Google]] |date=May 16, 2012 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref> Initially only available in English, the Knowledge Graph was expanded in December 2012 to [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Japanese language|Japanese]], [[Russian language|Russian]], and [[Italian language|Italian]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Casey |last=Newton |title=How Google is taking the Knowledge Graph global |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/how-google-is-taking-the-knowledge-graph-global/ |website=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |date=December 14, 2012 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref> Support for [[Bengali language|Bengali]] was added in March, 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://india.googleblog.com/2017/03/making-it-easier-to-search-in-bengali.html|title=Making it easier to Search in Bengali|work=Official Google India Blog|access-date=2018-01-26|language=en-US}}</ref>+ − + − Google announced Knowledge Graph on May 16, 2012, as a way to significantly enhance the value of information returned by Google searches. Initially only available in English, the Knowledge Graph was expanded in December 2012 to Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Japanese, Russian, and Italian. Support for Bengali was added in March, 2017. − − 谷歌在2012年5月16日正式发布了谷歌知识图谱，以助于显著提高谷歌搜索引擎的信息质量。起初只支持英语，2012年12月增加了西班牙语、法语、德语、葡萄牙语、日语、俄罗斯语及意大利语等七种语言。2017年3月增加了孟加拉语。 − − − The Knowledge Graph was powered in part by [[Freebase (database)|Freebase]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not.html |title=Introducing the Knowledge Graph: Things, Not Strings |work=Google Official Blog </ref> − − The Knowledge Graph was powered in part by Freebase.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not.html |title=Introducing the Knowledge Graph: Things, Not Strings |work=Google Official Blog</ref> − + + − In August 2014, ''[[New Scientist]]'' reported that Google had launched '''Knowledge Vault'''.<ref>{{cite web |first=Hal |last=Hodson |title=Google’s fact-checking bots build vast knowledge bank |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329832-700-googles-fact-checking-bots-build-vast-knowledge-bank/ |website=[[New Scientist]] |date=August 20, 2014 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref> After publication, Google reached out to ''[[Search Engine Land]]'' to explain that Knowledge Vault was a research paper, not an active Google service, and in its report, ''Search Engine Land'' referenced indications by the company that "numerous models" were being experimented with to examine the possibility of automatically gathering meaning from text.<ref>{{cite web |first=Greg |last=Sterling |title=Google "Knowledge Vault" To Power Future Of Search |url=https://searchengineland.com/google-builds-next-gen-knowledge-graph-future-201640 |website=[[Search Engine Land]] |date=August 25, 2014 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref> The Knowledge Vault was meant to deal with facts, automatically gathering and merging information from across the Internet into a knowledge base capable of answering direct questions, such as "Where was [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] born". It was reported that its main ability over the Knowledge Graph was to gather information automatically rather than relying on crowd sourced facts compiled by humans; by the time of the 2014 report, it had collected over 1.6 billion facts, 271 million of which were considered "confident facts", a term for information deemed more than 90% true.+ − − In August 2014, New Scientist reported that Google had launched Knowledge Vault. After publication, Google reached out to Search Engine Land to explain that Knowledge Vault was a research paper, not an active Google service, and in its report, Search Engine Land referenced indications by the company that "numerous models" were being experimented with to examine the possibility of automatically gathering meaning from text. The Knowledge Vault was meant to deal with facts, automatically gathering and merging information from across the Internet into a knowledge base capable of answering direct questions, such as "Where was Madonna born". It was reported that its main ability over the Knowledge Graph was to gather information automatically rather than relying on crowd sourced facts compiled by humans; by the time of the 2014 report, it had collected over 1.6 billion facts, 271 million of which were considered "confident facts", a term for information deemed more than 90% true. − − − 2014年8月，<font color=#32cd32>《新科学家》</font>杂志报道，谷歌启动了一个知识库项目。文章发表后，谷歌联系到“搜索引擎天地”，解释说知识库是一篇研究性论文，而不是谷歌的主动服务。在其报道中，“搜索引擎天地”提到，谷歌指出：他们在用“很多模型”探索从文本中自动收集语义的可能性。谷歌知识库旨在处理<font color="#32cd32">信息关系</font>，从互联网上自动收集和整合信息，形成一个能够直接回答诸如“麦当娜出生在哪里”等问题的知识库。2014年的一份报告指出，知识图谱聚合了超过16亿<font color=#32cd32>信息关系</font>，其中2.71亿被认为是“可信的事实”，被认为可信度超过90%。 第54行：
第34行： − By May 2016, knowledge boxes were appearing for "roughly one-third" of the estimated 100 billion monthly searches the company processed. Dario Taraborelli, head of research at the [[Wikimedia Foundation]], told ''[[The Washington Post]]'' that Google's omission of sources in its knowledge boxes "undermines people’s ability to verify information and, ultimately, to develop well-informed opinions". The publication also reported that the boxes are "frequently unattributed", such as a knowledge box on the age of actress [[Betty White]], which is "as unsourced and absolute as if handed down by God".<ref>{{cite web |first=Caitlin |last=Dewey |title=You probably haven’t even noticed Google’s sketchy quest to control the world’s knowledge |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/05/11/you-probably-havent-even-noticed-googles-sketchy-quest-to-control-the-worlds-knowledge/ |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 11, 2016 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>+ − − By May 2016, knowledge boxes were appearing for "roughly one-third" of the estimated 100 billion monthly searches the company processed. Dario Taraborelli, head of research at the Wikimedia Foundation, told The Washington Post that Google's omission of sources in its knowledge boxes "undermines people’s ability to verify information and, ultimately, to develop well-informed opinions". The publication also reported that the boxes are "frequently unattributed", such as a knowledge box on the age of actress Betty White, which is "as unsourced and absolute as if handed down by God". − − − 截止2016年5月，谷歌每月处理的1000亿次搜索中“约三分之一”都会出现出现知识图谱卡。维基媒体基金会的研究主管达里奥·塔拉博雷利告诉《华盛顿邮报》，谷歌知识图谱卡中信息来源的缺失损害了人们判断信息真假的能力，甚至损害到构建完整观点的能力。该报道还称，这些卡片“经常来源不明”，比如女演员贝蒂 · 怀特年龄的知识图谱卡就被评价为“来源不明但是语气肯定，仿佛是上帝写下的”。 − According to ''[[The Register]]'', the implementation of direct answers in Google search results has caused significant readership declines for the online encyclopedia [[Wikipedia]], from which the Knowledge Graph obtains some of its information.<ref>{{cite web |first=Andrew |last=Orlowski |title=Google stabs Wikipedia in the front |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/01/13/google_stabs_wikipedia_in_the_front |website=[[The Register]] |date=January 13, 2014 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref> ''[[The Daily Dot]]'' noted in 2014 that "Wikipedia still has no real competitor as far as actual content is concerned. All that's up for grabs are traffic stats. And as a nonprofit, traffic numbers don't equate into revenue in the same way they do for a commercial media site". After the article's publication, a spokesperson for the [[Wikimedia Foundation]], which operates Wikipedia, stated that it "welcomes" the Knowledge Graph functionality, that it was "looking into" the traffic drops, and that "We've also not noticed a significant drop in search engine referrals. We also have a continuing dialog with staff from Google working on the Knowledge Panel".<ref>{{cite web |first=Joe |last=Kloc |title=Is Google accidentally killing Wikipedia? |url=https://www.dailydot.com/news/wikipedia-falling-traffic-meaning/ |website=[[The Daily Dot]] |date=January 8, 2014 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>+ − − According to The Register, the implementation of direct answers in Google search results has caused significant readership declines for the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, from which the Knowledge Graph obtains some of its information. The Daily Dot noted in 2014 that "Wikipedia still has no real competitor as far as actual content is concerned. All that's up for grabs are traffic stats. And as a nonprofit, traffic numbers don't equate into revenue in the same way they do for a commercial media site". After the article's publication, a spokesperson for the Wikimedia Foundation, which operates Wikipedia, stated that it "welcomes" the Knowledge Graph functionality, that it was "looking into" the traffic drops, and that "We've also not noticed a significant drop in search engine referrals. We also have a continuing dialog with staff from Google working on the Knowledge Panel". − − − 据《登记册》报道，谷歌搜索结果旁的知识图谱卡上直接显示结果导致维基百科的读者数大幅下降，因为卡片获取了维基百科上的一些信息。《每日点报》在2014年指出: “就实质内容而言，维基百科仍然没有真正的竞争对手。大家都在争夺流量，但维基作为一个非营利组织，流量并不像商业媒体网站那样等同于收入”。 在这篇文章发表后，维基百科的运营团体维基媒体基金会的一位发言人表示，他们“欢迎”知识图谱卡片功能，并正在“调查”流量下降的情况，并且说到“我们也没有发现搜索引擎引荐来源有显著下降。我们还与参与知识图谱卡片工作的谷歌工作人员保持着沟通”。
无编辑摘要
此词条已由[[用户:Qige96|Ricky]]审校。
此词条已由[[用户:Qige96|Ricky]]审校。
'''知识图谱(THE Knowledge Graph)'''是谷歌的一个'''知识库'''，谷歌通过它从各种渠道收集信息,丰富谷歌搜索引擎的搜索结果。这些信息会被放在搜索结果旁的一个信息框中呈现给用户。2012年5月，谷歌搜索引擎开始引入这项功能，首先可在美国使用，2012年年底这项功能推广到了全球。
'''知识图谱(THE Knowledge Graph)'''是谷歌的一个'''知识库'''，谷歌通过它从各种渠道收集信息,丰富谷歌搜索引擎的搜索结果。这些信息会被放在搜索结果旁的一个信息框中呈现给用户。2012年5月，谷歌搜索引擎开始引入这项功能，首先可在美国使用，2012年年底这项功能推广到了全球。
谷歌知识图谱涵盖的内容在其推行后迅速增长，7个月内增长了三倍(涵盖了5.7亿个<font color="#32cd32">实体</font>和180亿条<font color=#32cd32>信息关系</font>)，并解决了谷歌每月处理的1000亿次搜索中“大约三分之一”的问题。到2020年5月，这个数字已经增长到5000亿，涉及50亿个信息点。不过知识图谱的内容一直因为没有来源或引用而引起了许多争议。
谷歌知识图谱涵盖的内容在其推行后迅速增长，7个月内增长了三倍(涵盖了5.7亿个<font color="#32cd32">实体</font>和180亿条<font color=#32cd32>信息关系</font>)，并解决了谷歌每月处理的1000亿次搜索中“大约三分之一”的问题。到2020年5月，这个数字已经增长到5000亿，涉及50亿个信息点。不过知识图谱的内容一直因为没有来源或引用而引起了许多争议。
--[[用户:Thingamabob|Thingamabob]]（[[用户讨论:Thingamabob|讨论]]）"到2020年5月，这个数字已经增长到5000亿，涉及50亿个信息点" 该句是从最新wikipedia词条上补充的
--[[用户:Thingamabob|Thingamabob]]（[[用户讨论:Thingamabob|讨论]]）"到2020年5月，这个数字已经增长到5000亿，涉及50亿个信息点" 该句是从最新wikipedia词条上补充的
谷歌把这些出现在搜索结果右侧(移动端出现在顶部)的信息框称为“知识图谱卡”.<ref>{{cite web |title=Your business information in the Knowledge Panel |url=https://support.google.com/business/answer/6331288 |website=Google My Business Help |publisher=[[Google]] |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>。根据谷歌的说法，知识图谱的信息来源很多，包括中情局世界概况(The CIA World Factbook)、维基数据和维基百科。它被用于回答谷歌智能助理和谷歌家庭中的语音询问。<ref name="Introducing the Knowledge Graph" /><ref>{{cite web |first=Barry |last=Schwartz |title=Google's Freebase To Close After Migrating To Wikidata: Knowledge Graph Impact? |url=https://www.seroundtable.com/google-freebase-wikidata-knowledge-graph-19591.html |website=[[Search Engine Roundtable]] |date=December 17, 2014 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>2016年10月，谷歌称，知识图谱已经覆盖了700亿个<font color=#32cd32>信息关系</font><ref>{{cite web |first=James |last=Vincent |title=Apple boasts about sales; Google boasts about how good its AI is |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/4/13122406/google-phone-event-stats |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=October 4, 2016 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref> 。目前还没有官方文件说明谷歌知识图谱是如何实现的。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1695/paper4.pdf|title=Towards a Definition of Knowledge Graphs|last1=Ehrlinger|first1=Lisa|last2=Wöß|first2=Wolfram|date=2016}}</ref>
谷歌把这些出现在搜索结果右侧(移动端出现在顶部)的信息框称为“知识图谱卡”.<ref>{{cite web |title=Your business information in the Knowledge Panel |url=https://support.google.com/business/answer/6331288 |website=Google My Business Help |publisher=[[Google]] |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>。根据谷歌的说法，知识图谱的信息来源很多，包括中情局世界概况(The CIA World Factbook)、维基数据和维基百科。它被用于回答谷歌智能助理和谷歌家庭中的语音询问。<ref name="Introducing the Knowledge Graph" /><ref>{{cite web |first=Barry |last=Schwartz |title=Google's Freebase To Close After Migrating To Wikidata: Knowledge Graph Impact? |url=https://www.seroundtable.com/google-freebase-wikidata-knowledge-graph-19591.html |website=[[Search Engine Roundtable]] |date=December 17, 2014 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>2016年10月，谷歌称，知识图谱已经覆盖了700亿个<font color=#32cd32>信息关系</font><ref>{{cite web |first=James |last=Vincent |title=Apple boasts about sales; Google boasts about how good its AI is |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/4/13122406/google-phone-event-stats |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=October 4, 2016 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref> 。目前还没有官方文件说明谷歌知识图谱是如何实现的。<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1695/paper4.pdf|title=Towards a Definition of Knowledge Graphs|last1=Ehrlinger|first1=Lisa|last2=Wöß|first2=Wolfram|date=2016}}</ref>
来自知识图谱的信息用于回答谷歌智能助理<ref>{{cite web |first=Matthew |last=Lynley |title=Google unveils Google Assistant, a virtual assistant that’s a big upgrade to Google Now |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/18/google-unveils-google-assistant-a-big-upgrade-to-google-now/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[Oath Inc.]] |date=May 18, 2016 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/why-google-assistant-will-win-the-ai-race-2016-10|title=Google is going to win the next major battle in computing|last=Kovach|first=Steve|date=October 4, 2016|website=[[Business Insider]]|publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]]|accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>和谷歌家庭的语音询问。<ref>{{cite web |first=Dieter |last=Bohn |title=Google Home: a speaker to finally take on the Amazon Echo |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/18/11688376/google-home-speaker-announced-virtual-assistant-io-2016 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=May 18, 2016 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>
来自知识图谱的信息用于回答谷歌智能助理<ref>{{cite web |first=Matthew |last=Lynley |title=Google unveils Google Assistant, a virtual assistant that’s a big upgrade to Google Now |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/05/18/google-unveils-google-assistant-a-big-upgrade-to-google-now/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[Oath Inc.]] |date=May 18, 2016 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/why-google-assistant-will-win-the-ai-race-2016-10|title=Google is going to win the next major battle in computing|last=Kovach|first=Steve|date=October 4, 2016|website=[[Business Insider]]|publisher=[[Axel Springer SE]]|accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>和谷歌家庭的语音询问。<ref>{{cite web |first=Dieter |last=Bohn |title=Google Home: a speaker to finally take on the Amazon Echo |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/18/11688376/google-home-speaker-announced-virtual-assistant-io-2016 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=May 18, 2016 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>
== 历史 ==
== 历史 ==
谷歌在2012年5月16日正式发布了谷歌知识图谱，以助于显著提高谷歌搜索引擎的信息质量。<ref name="Introducing the Knowledge Graph">{{cite web |first=Amit |last=Singhal |authorlink=Amit Singhal |title=Introducing the Knowledge Graph: things, not strings |url=https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not.html |website=Official Google Blog |publisher=[[Google]] |date=May 16, 2012 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>
起初只支持英语，2012年12月增加了西班牙语、法语、德语、葡萄牙语、日语、俄罗斯语及意大利语等七种语言。<ref>{{cite web |first=Casey |last=Newton |title=How Google is taking the Knowledge Graph global |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/how-google-is-taking-the-knowledge-graph-global/ |website=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |date=December 14, 2012 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>2017年3月增加了孟加拉语。<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://india.googleblog.com/2017/03/making-it-easier-to-search-in-bengali.html|title=Making it easier to Search in Bengali|work=Official Google India Blog|access-date=2018-01-26|language=en-US}}</ref>
该知识图谱由<font color=#32cd32>Freebase</font>部分支持。
该知识图谱由[[Freebase|Freebae（一个众包知识库）]]部分支持。.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not.html |title=Introducing the Knowledge Graph: Things, Not Strings |work=Google Official Blog </ref>
--[[用户:Thingamabob|Thingamabob]]（[[用户讨论:Thingamabob|讨论]]）Freebase（一个网站） 未找到统一翻译
--[[用户:Thingamabob|Thingamabob]]（[[用户讨论:Thingamabob|讨论]]）Freebase（一个网站） 未找到统一翻译
--[[用户:Qige96|Ricku]]（[[用户讨论:Qige96|讨论]]）Freebase是一个专有名词，类似eBay，Paypal，暂无中文翻译，个人认为也不必翻译成中文
2014年8月，<font color=#32cd32>《新科学家》</font>杂志报道，谷歌发起了一个项目：Knowledge Vault<ref>{{cite web |first=Hal |last=Hodson |title=Google’s fact-checking bots build vast knowledge bank |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329832-700-googles-fact-checking-bots-build-vast-knowledge-bank/ |website=[[New Scientist]] |date=August 20, 2014 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref> 。文章发表后，谷歌联系到 [https://searchengineland.com/ Search Engine Land]，解释说Knowledge Vault是一篇研究性论文，而不是谷歌的可服务。在其报道中，[https://searchengineland.com/ Search Engine Land]提到，谷歌指出：他们在用“很多模型”探索从文本中自动收集语义的可能性。<ref>{{cite web |first=Greg |last=Sterling |title=Google "Knowledge Vault" To Power Future Of Search |url=https://searchengineland.com/google-builds-next-gen-knowledge-graph-future-201640 |website=[[Search Engine Land]] |date=August 25, 2014 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>谷歌知识图谱旨在处理<font color="#32cd32">信息关系</font>，从互联网上自动收集和整合信息，形成一个能够直接回答诸如“麦当娜出生在哪里”等问题的知识库。据报道，谷歌知识图谱最核心的能力，是自动获取和处理信息，而非依靠众包等人工手段。2014年的一份报告指出，知识图谱聚合了超过16亿<font color=#32cd32>信息关系</font>，其中2.71亿被认为是“可信的事实”，被认为可信度超过90%。
== 争议 ==
== 争议 ==
=== 缺乏信息来源 ===
=== 缺乏信息来源 ===
截止2016年5月，谷歌每月处理的1000亿次搜索中“约三分之一”都会出现出现知识图谱卡。维基媒体基金会的研究主管达里奥·塔拉博雷利告诉《华盛顿邮报》，谷歌知识图谱卡中信息来源的缺失损害了人们判断信息真假的能力，甚至损害到构建完整观点的能力。该报道还称，这些卡片“经常来源不明”，比如女演员贝蒂 · 怀特年龄的知识图谱卡就被评价为“来源不明但是语气肯定，仿佛是上帝写下的”。<ref>{{cite web |first=Caitlin |last=Dewey |title=You probably haven’t even noticed Google’s sketchy quest to control the world’s knowledge |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/05/11/you-probably-havent-even-noticed-googles-sketchy-quest-to-control-the-worlds-knowledge/ |website=[[The Washington Post]] |date=May 11, 2016 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>
=== 维基百科阅读量减少 ===
=== 维基百科阅读量减少 ===
据[https://www.theregister.com/ 《登记册》]报道，谷歌搜索结果旁的知识图谱卡上直接显示结果导致维基百科的读者数大幅下降，因为卡片获取了维基百科上的一些信息<ref>{{cite web |first=Andrew |last=Orlowski |title=Google stabs Wikipedia in the front |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/01/13/google_stabs_wikipedia_in_the_front |website=[[The Register]] |date=January 13, 2014 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>。《每日点报》在2014年指出: “就实质内容而言，维基百科仍然没有真正的竞争对手。大家都在争夺流量，但维基作为一个非营利组织，流量并不像商业媒体网站那样等同于收入”。 在这篇文章发表后，维基百科的运营团体维基媒体基金会的一位发言人表示，他们“欢迎”知识图谱卡片功能，并正在“调查”流量下降的情况，并且说到“我们也没有发现搜索引擎引荐来源有显著下降。我们还与参与知识图谱卡片工作的谷歌工作人员保持着沟通”。<ref>{{cite web |first=Joe |last=Kloc |title=Is Google accidentally killing Wikipedia? |url=https://www.dailydot.com/news/wikipedia-falling-traffic-meaning/ |website=[[The Daily Dot]] |date=January 8, 2014 |accessdate=December 10, 2017}}</ref>