更改

In the 1960s, statisticians and economists used terms like data fishing or data dredging to refer to what they considered the bad practice of analyzing data without an a-priori hypothesis. The term "data mining" was used in a similarly critical way by economist Michael Lovell in an article published in the Review of Economic Studies in 1983. Lovell indicates that the practice "masquerades under a variety of aliases, ranging from "experimentation" (positive) to "fishing" or "snooping" (negative).

In the 1960s, statisticians and economists used terms like data fishing or data dredging to refer to what they considered the bad practice of analyzing data without an a-priori hypothesis. The term "data mining" was used in a similarly critical way by economist Michael Lovell in an article published in the Review of Economic Studies in 1983. Lovell indicates that the practice "masquerades under a variety of aliases, ranging from "experimentation" (positive) to "fishing" or "snooping" (negative).

在20世纪60年代，统计学家和经济学家使用数据捕捞或数据挖掘等术语来指代他们认为在没有先验假设的情况下分析数据的糟糕做法。经济学家迈克尔•洛弗尔(Michael Lovell)在1983年《经济研究评论》(Review of Economic Studies)上发表的一篇文章中，也以类似的批判方式使用了“数据挖掘”这个术语。Lovell 指出，这种做法“伪装成各种别名，从“实验”(正面)到“钓鱼”或“窥探”(负面)。

在20世纪60年代，统计学家和经济学家们曾经使用“数据钓鱼”或”数据疏浚“等术语来指代他们认为在没有先验假设的情况下进行数据分析的糟糕做法。经济学家迈克尔•洛弗尔 Michael Lovell 在1983年《经济研究评论》（Review of Economic Studies）上发表的一篇文章中，也以类似的批判方式使用了“数据挖掘”这个术语。Lovell 指出，这种做法“伪装成各种别名，从“实验”(正面)到“钓鱼”或“窥探”(负面)。

The term ''data mining'' appeared around 1990 in the database community, generally with positive connotations. For a short time in 1980s, a phrase "database mining"™, was used, but since it was trademarked by HNC, a San Diego-based company, to pitch their Database Mining Workstation;<ref name="Mena">{{cite book |last=Mena |first=Jesús |year=2011 |title=Machine Learning Forensics for Law Enforcement, Security, and Intelligence |location=Boca Raton, FL |publisher=CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group) |isbn=978-1-4398-6069-4 }}</ref> researchers consequently turned to ''data mining''. Other terms used include ''data archaeology'', ''information harvesting'', ''information discovery'', ''knowledge extraction'', etc. [[Gregory I. Piatetsky-Shapiro|Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro]] coined the term "knowledge discovery in databases" for the first workshop on the same topic [http://www.kdnuggets.com/meetings/kdd89/ (KDD-1989)] and this term became more popular in [[Artificial intelligence|AI]] and [[machine learning]] community. However, the term data mining became more popular in the business and press communities.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Piatetsky-Shapiro |first1=Gregory |authorlink1=Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro |last2=Parker |first2=Gary |url=http://www.kdnuggets.com/data_mining_course/x1-intro-to-data-mining-notes.html |title=Lesson: Data Mining, and Knowledge Discovery: An Introduction |publisher=KD Nuggets |year=2011 |work=Introduction to Data Mining |accessdate=30 August 2012 }}</ref> Currently, the terms ''data mining'' and ''knowledge discovery'' are used interchangeably.

The term ''data mining'' appeared around 1990 in the database community, generally with positive connotations. For a short time in 1980s, a phrase "database mining"™, was used, but since it was trademarked by HNC, a San Diego-based company, to pitch their Database Mining Workstation;<ref name="Mena">{{cite book |last=Mena |first=Jesús |year=2011 |title=Machine Learning Forensics for Law Enforcement, Security, and Intelligence |location=Boca Raton, FL |publisher=CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group) |isbn=978-1-4398-6069-4 }}</ref> researchers consequently turned to ''data mining''. Other terms used include ''data archaeology'', ''information harvesting'', ''information discovery'', ''knowledge extraction'', etc. [[Gregory I. Piatetsky-Shapiro|Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro]] coined the term "knowledge discovery in databases" for the first workshop on the same topic [http://www.kdnuggets.com/meetings/kdd89/ (KDD-1989)] and this term became more popular in [[Artificial intelligence|AI]] and [[machine learning]] community. However, the term data mining became more popular in the business and press communities.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Piatetsky-Shapiro |first1=Gregory |authorlink1=Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro |last2=Parker |first2=Gary |url=http://www.kdnuggets.com/data_mining_course/x1-intro-to-data-mining-notes.html |title=Lesson: Data Mining, and Knowledge Discovery: An Introduction |publisher=KD Nuggets |year=2011 |work=Introduction to Data Mining |accessdate=30 August 2012 }}</ref> Currently, the terms ''data mining'' and ''knowledge discovery'' are used interchangeably.

The term data mining appeared around 1990 in the database community, generally with positive connotations. For a short time in 1980s, a phrase "database mining"™, was used, but since it was trademarked by HNC, a San Diego-based company, to pitch their Database Mining Workstation; researchers consequently turned to data mining. Other terms used include data archaeology, information harvesting, information discovery, knowledge extraction, etc. Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro coined the term "knowledge discovery in databases" for the first workshop on the same topic [http://www.kdnuggets.com/meetings/kdd89/ (KDD-1989)] and this term became more popular in AI and machine learning community. However, the term data mining became more popular in the business and press communities. Currently, the terms data mining and knowledge discovery are used interchangeably.

The term data mining appeared around 1990 in the database community, generally with positive connotations. For a short time in 1980s, a phrase "database mining"™, was used, but since it was trademarked by HNC, a San Diego-based company, to pitch their Database Mining Workstation; researchers consequently turned to data mining. Other terms used include data archaeology, information harvesting, information discovery, knowledge extraction, etc. Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro coined the term "knowledge discovery in databases" for the first workshop on the same topic (KDD-1989) and this term became more popular in AI and machine learning community. However, the term data mining became more popular in the business and press communities. Currently, the terms data mining and knowledge discovery are used interchangeably.

数据挖掘这个术语在1990年左右出现在数据库领域，通常有着积极的内涵。在20世纪80年代的一段短暂时间里，人们使用了“数据库挖掘”这个短语，但由于这个短语被总部位于圣地亚哥的 HNC 公司注册为商标，因此研究人员转向了数据挖掘。使用的其他术语包括数据考古学、信息收集、信息发现、知识提取等。Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro 在关于同一主题的第一个研讨会上创造了“数据库中的知识发现”这个术语[ http://www.kdnuggets.com/meetings/kdd89/ (KDD-1989)] ，这个术语在人工智能和机器学习社区中变得更加流行。然而，数据挖掘这个术语在商业和出版界变得越来越流行。目前，数据挖掘和知识发现这两个术语可以互换使用。

数据挖掘这个术语在1990年左右出现在数据库领域，通常有着积极的内涵。在20世纪80年代的一段短暂时间里，人们曾使用过“数据库挖掘”这种表达，但由于这个词被总部位于圣地亚哥的 HNC 公司注册为商标，因此研究人员转向了数据挖掘。曾用过的其他术语包括数据考古学、信息收集、信息发现、知识提取等。格雷戈里·皮亚特斯基·夏皮罗 Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro 在关于这个主题的第一个研讨会[ http://www.kdnuggets.com/meetings/kdd89/ (KDD-1989)] 上首次创造了“数据库中的知识发现 Knowledge Discovery in Databases，KDD”这个术语。此后，这个术语在人工智能和机器学习社区中变得更加流行。然而，数据挖掘这个术语在商业和出版界变得越来越流行。目前，数据挖掘和知识发现 knowledge discovery这两个术语可以互换使用。

In the academic community, the major forums for research started in 1995 when the First International Conference on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (KDD-95) was started in Montreal under AAAI sponsorship. It was co-chaired by Usama Fayyad and Ramasamy Uthurusamy. A year later, in 1996, Usama Fayyad launched the journal by Kluwer called Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery as its founding editor-in-chief. Later he started the SIGKDD Newsletter SIGKDD Explorations. The KDD International conference became the primary highest quality conference in data mining with an acceptance rate of research paper submissions below 18%. The journal Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery is the primary research journal of the field.

In the academic community, the major forums for research started in 1995 when the First International Conference on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (KDD-95) was started in Montreal under AAAI sponsorship. It was co-chaired by Usama Fayyad and Ramasamy Uthurusamy. A year later, in 1996, Usama Fayyad launched the journal by Kluwer called Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery as its founding editor-in-chief. Later he started the SIGKDD Newsletter SIGKDD Explorations.The KDD International conference became the primary highest quality conference in data mining with an acceptance rate of research paper submissions below 18%. The journal Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery is the primary research journal of the field.

在学术界，主要的研究论坛始于1995年，当时在 AAAI 的赞助下在蒙特利尔举行了第一次数据挖掘和知识发现国际会议(KDD-95)。会议由乌萨马 · 法耶兹和拉马萨米 · 乌图鲁萨米共同主持。一年后，也就是1996年，乌萨马 · 法耶兹(Usama Fayyad)创办了这本由克卢维尔(Kluwer)撰写的期刊，并将其命名为《数据挖掘与知识发现》(Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery) ，担任创刊主编。后来他创办了 SIGKDD 时事通讯 SIGKDD Explorations。Kdd 国际会议成为数据挖掘领域最高质量的会议，研究论文的接受率低于18% 。《数据挖掘与知识发现》是该领域的主要研究期刊。

在学术界，主要的研究论坛始于1995年，当时，在AAAI的赞助下，第一届数据挖掘和知识发现国际会议（KDD-95）在蒙特利尔召开。会议由乌萨马·法耶兹 Usama Fayyad和拉玛萨米·乌图鲁萨米 Ramasamy Uthurusamy共同主持。一年后，1996年Usama Fayyad创办了杂志《数据挖掘与知识发现》（datamining and Knowledge Discovery），担任创始主编。后来他创办了SIGKDD时事通讯探索。那个KDD国际会议也成为了数据挖掘领域质量最高的主要会议，其研究论文提交的接受率低于18%，而《数据挖掘与知识发现》也成为了该领域的主要研究期刊。

==背景 Background==

==背景 Background==