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第405行： − 上方这个现象很特别但是可以理解，它们与单轴磁体中铁磁相变的临界指数完全匹配。这类系统因此被认为属于同一普适性。这里的普适性是相变的重整化群理论的一种预测，指出系统在相变附近的热力学性质仅取决于少数特征，例如维数和对称性，并且对系统的基本微观特性不敏感。同样，相关长度的差异性是非常重要的。+ − −
→Critical exponents and universality classes 临界指数和普适性
More impressively, but understandably from above, they are an exact match for the critical exponents of the ferromagnetic phase transition in uniaxial magnets. Such systems are said to be in the same universality class. Universality is a prediction of the renormalization group theory of phase transitions, which states that the thermodynamic properties of a system near a phase transition depend only on a small number of features, such as dimensionality and symmetry, and are insensitive to the underlying microscopic properties of the system. Again, the divergence of the correlation length is the essential point.
More impressively, but understandably from above, they are an exact match for the critical exponents of the ferromagnetic phase transition in uniaxial magnets. Such systems are said to be in the same universality class. Universality is a prediction of the renormalization group theory of phase transitions, which states that the thermodynamic properties of a system near a phase transition depend only on a small number of features, such as dimensionality and symmetry, and are insensitive to the underlying microscopic properties of the system. Again, the divergence of the correlation length is the essential point.
以上普适相关现象很特别但是可以理解，它们与单轴磁体中铁磁相变的临界指数完全匹配。这类系统因此被认为属于同一普适性。这里的普适性是相变的重整化群理论的一种预测，指出系统在相变附近的热力学性质仅取决于少数特征，例如维数和对称性，并且对系统的基本微观特性不敏感。同样，相关长度的差异性是非常重要的。
=== Critical slowing down and other phenomena 临界慢化和其他现象 ===
=== Critical slowing down and other phenomena 临界慢化和其他现象 ===