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第1行： − 此词条暂由彩云小译翻译，未经人工整理和审校，带来阅读不便，请见谅。+ + + + − {{short description|Study of the nature of systems}}+ − − − − − − Impression of systems thinking about society − − 对社会系统思考的印象 − − − − '''Systems science''' is an [[Interdisciplinarity|interdisciplinary]] field that studies the nature of [[system]]s—from simple to complex—in [[nature]], [[society]], [[cognition]], [[engineering]], [[technology]] and [[science]] itself. To systems scientists, the world can be understood as a system of systems.<ref> G. E. Mobus & M. C. Kalton, ''Principles of Systems Science'', 2015, New York:Springer.</ref> The field aims to develop interdisciplinary foundations that are applicable in a variety of areas, such as psychology, biology, medicine, communication, business management, computer science, engineering, and social sciences.<ref>[[Philip M'Pherson]] (1974, p. 229); as cited by: Hieronymi, A. (2013), Understanding Systems Science: A Visual and Integrative Approach. ''Syst. Res.''. {{doi|10.1002/sres.2215}}. He defined systems science as "the ordered arrangement of knowledge acquired from the study of systems in the observable world, together with the application of this knowledge to the design of man-made systems."</ref> − − Systems science is an interdisciplinary field that studies the nature of systems—from simple to complex—in nature, society, cognition, engineering, technology and science itself. To systems scientists, the world can be understood as a system of systems. The field aims to develop interdisciplinary foundations that are applicable in a variety of areas, such as psychology, biology, medicine, communication, business management, computer science, engineering, and social sciences. − − 系统科学是研究自然、社会、认知、工程、技术和科学本身的系统本质的一门交叉学科。对于系统科学家来说，世界可以被理解为一个系统的系统。该领域的目标是发展跨学科基础，适用于各种领域，如心理学、生物学、医学、通信、商业管理、计算机科学、工程学和社会科学。 − − − − Systems science covers [[formal sciences]] such as [[complex systems]], [[cybernetics]], [[dynamical systems theory]], [[information theory]], [[linguistics]] or [[systems theory]]. It has applications in the field of the natural and social sciences and engineering, such as [[control theory]], [[operations research]], social systems theory, [[systems biology]], [[system dynamics]], [[human factors]], [[systems ecology]], [[computer science]], [[systems engineering]] and [[systems psychology]].<ref>According to [[Francis Heylighen]] in "What are Cybernetics and Systems Science?" on ''Principia Cybernetica Web'' (1999) systems science is an "[[Fields of science|academic domain]], that touches virtually all traditional disciplines, from [[mathematics]], [[technology]] and [[biology]] to [[philosophy]] and the [[social sciences]]."</ref> Themes commonly stressed in system science are (a) holistic view, (b) interaction between a system and its embedding environment, and (c) complex (often subtle) trajectories of dynamic behavior that sometimes are stable (and thus reinforcing), while at various '[[boundary conditions]]' can become wildly unstable (and thus destructive). Concerns about Earth-scale biosphere/geosphere dynamics is an example of the nature of problems to which systems science seeks to contribute meaningful insights. − − Systems science covers formal sciences such as complex systems, cybernetics, dynamical systems theory, information theory, linguistics or systems theory. It has applications in the field of the natural and social sciences and engineering, such as control theory, operations research, social systems theory, systems biology, system dynamics, human factors, systems ecology, computer science, systems engineering and systems psychology. Themes commonly stressed in system science are (a) holistic view, (b) interaction between a system and its embedding environment, and (c) complex (often subtle) trajectories of dynamic behavior that sometimes are stable (and thus reinforcing), while at various 'boundary conditions' can become wildly unstable (and thus destructive). Concerns about Earth-scale biosphere/geosphere dynamics is an example of the nature of problems to which systems science seeks to contribute meaningful insights. − − 系统科学涵盖了诸如复杂系统、控制论、动力系统理论、信息论、语言学或系统论等形式科学。它在自然科学、社会科学和工程学领域有应用，如控制论、运筹学、社会系统理论、系统生物学、系统动力学、人因工程学、系统生态学、计算机科学、系统工程和系统心理学。系统科学通常强调的主题是: (a)整体观点，(b)系统与其嵌入环境之间的相互作用，(c)复杂的(通常是微妙的)动态行为轨迹，有时是稳定的(因此是强化的) ，而在各种“边界条件”下可能变得极不稳定(因此是破坏性的)。对地球尺度生物圈/地球圈动力学的关注是系统科学力求对自然问题提供有意义见解的一个例子。 + + 第399行：
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{{#seo:
|keywords=系统科学,复杂系统理论
|description=系统科学，复杂系统
}}
[[Image:Systems thinking about the society.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|right|关于社会的系统思考印象]]
[[Image:Systems thinking about the society.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|right|Impression of systems thinking about society]]
'''系统科学'''是研究自然、社会、认知、工程、技术和科学本身的系统本质——由简单到复杂的系统本质的交叉学科。对于系统科学家来说，世界可以理解为一个系统的系统。<ref> G. E. Mobus & M. C. Kalton, ''Principles of Systems Science'', 2015, New York:Springer.</ref>该领域的旨在发展适用于心理学、生物学、医学、通信、商业管理、计算机科学、工程学和社会科学等不同领域的跨学科的基础。<ref>[[Philip M'Pherson]] (1974, p. 229); as cited by: Hieronymi, A. (2013), Understanding Systems Science: A Visual and Integrative Approach. ''Syst. Res.''. {{doi|10.1002/sres.2215}}. He defined systems science as "the ordered arrangement of knowledge acquired from the study of systems in the observable world, together with the application of this knowledge to the design of man-made systems."</ref>
系统科学涵盖了诸如[[复杂系统]]、[[控制论]]、[[动力系统理论]]、[[信息论]]、[[语言学]]或[[系统论]]等形式科学。它在自然科学、社会科学和工程学领域有应用，如控制论、运筹学、社会系统理论、系统生物学、系统动力学、人因学、系统生态学、计算机科学、系统工程学和系统心理学。<ref>According to [[Francis Heylighen]] in "What are Cybernetics and Systems Science?" on ''Principia Cybernetica Web'' (1999) systems science is an "[[Fields of science|academic domain]], that touches virtually all traditional disciplines, from [[mathematics]], [[technology]] and [[biology]] to [[philosophy]] and the [[social sciences]]."</ref>系统科学通常强调的主题是: (a)整体观点，(b)系统与其嵌入环境之间的相互作用，(c)动态行为的复杂轨迹(通常是微妙的)，有时是稳定的(因此具有加固性) ，但在各种“[[边界条件]]”下可能变得极不稳定(因此具有破坏性)。对地球尺度生物圈/地球圈动力学的关注是系统科学寻求对自然问题提供有意义见解的一个例子。
== Theories ==
== Theories ==
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本中文词条由[[用户:峰峰|M峰峰]]参与编译，[[用户:峰峰|峰峰]]编辑，欢迎在讨论页面留言。
本中文词条由[[用户:峰峰|峰峰]]参与编译，[[用户:峰峰|峰峰]]编辑，欢迎在讨论页面留言。
'''本词条内容源自wikipedia及公开资料，遵守 CC3.0协议。'''
'''本词条内容源自wikipedia及公开资料，遵守 CC3.0协议。'''