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第172行： − + − + − {{Main|List of systems sciences organizations}} − − − − The [[International Society for the Systems Sciences]] (ISSS) is an organisation for interdisciplinary collaboration and synthesis of systems sciences. The ISSS is unique among systems-oriented institutions in terms of the breadth of its scope, bringing together scholars and practitioners from academic, business, government, and non-profit organizations. Based on fifty years of tremendous interdisciplinary research from the scientific study of complex systems to interactive approaches in management and community development. This society was initially conceived in 1954 at the Stanford [[Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences]] by [[Ludwig von Bertalanffy]], [[Kenneth Boulding]], [[Ralph Gerard]], and [[Anatol Rapoport]]. − − The International Society for the Systems Sciences (ISSS) is an organisation for interdisciplinary collaboration and synthesis of systems sciences. The ISSS is unique among systems-oriented institutions in terms of the breadth of its scope, bringing together scholars and practitioners from academic, business, government, and non-profit organizations. Based on fifty years of tremendous interdisciplinary research from the scientific study of complex systems to interactive approaches in management and community development. This society was initially conceived in 1954 at the Stanford Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences by Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Kenneth Boulding, Ralph Gerard, and Anatol Rapoport. − − 国际系统科学学会(ISSS)是一个跨学科合作和综合系统科学的组织。ISSS 在系统导向的机构中是独一无二的，它的范围很广，在五十年跨学科研究的基础上，汇集了来自学术界、商界、政府和非盈利组织的学者和实践者，从对复杂系统的科学研究，到在管理和社区发展中采用交互方法。这个协会最初是1954年在斯坦福行为科学高级研究中心由卡尔·路德维希·冯·贝塔郎非，Kenneth Boulding，Ralph Gerard 和 Anatol Rapoport 构想的。 − − − − In the field of systems science the [[International Federation for Systems Research]] (IFSR) is an international federation for global and local societies in the field of systems science. This federation is a non-profit, scientific and educational [[non-profit organization|agency]] founded in 1981, and constituted of some thirty member organizations from various countries. The overall purpose of this Federation is to advance [[cybernetic]] and [[systems research]] and systems applications and to serve the international systems community. − − In the field of systems science the International Federation for Systems Research (IFSR) is an international federation for global and local societies in the field of systems science. This federation is a non-profit, scientific and educational agency founded in 1981, and constituted of some thirty member organizations from various countries. The overall purpose of this Federation is to advance cybernetic and systems research and systems applications and to serve the international systems community. − − 在系统科学领域，国际系统研究联合会(IFSR)是系统科学领域全球和地方社会的国际联合会。本联合会成立于1981年，是一个非营利的科学和教育机构，由来自各国的三十个成员组织组成。本联合会的总体宗旨是促进控制论和系统研究及系统应用，并为国际系统界服务。 − − − − The best known research institute in the field is the [[Santa Fe Institute]] (SFI) located in Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States, dedicated to the study of [[complex systems]]. This institute was founded in 1984 by [[George Cowan]], [[David Pines]], [[Stirling Colgate]], [[Murray Gell-Mann]], [[Nick Metropolis]], Herb Anderson, Peter A. Carruthers, and Richard Slansky. All but Pines and Gell-Mann were scientists with [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]. SFI's original mission was to disseminate the notion of a separate [[interdisciplinary]] research area, [[complex adaptive system|complexity theory]] referred to at SFI as [[complexity science]]. Recently, [[IIT Jodhpur]] in Rajasthan, India started inculcating system science and engineering to its students through Bachelors, Masters and Doctorate programs. This makes it the first institution to offer [[system science]] education to students in India. − − The best known research institute in the field is the Santa Fe Institute (SFI) located in Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States, dedicated to the study of complex systems. This institute was founded in 1984 by George Cowan, David Pines, Stirling Colgate, Murray Gell-Mann, Nick Metropolis, Herb Anderson, Peter A. Carruthers, and Richard Slansky. All but Pines and Gell-Mann were scientists with Los Alamos National Laboratory. SFI's original mission was to disseminate the notion of a separate interdisciplinary research area, complexity theory referred to at SFI as complexity science. Recently, IIT Jodhpur in Rajasthan, India started inculcating system science and engineering to its students through Bachelors, Masters and Doctorate programs. This makes it the first institution to offer system science education to students in India. − − 该领域最著名的研究机构是位于美国新墨西哥州圣达菲的圣菲研究所，它致力于复杂系统的研究。这个研究所是在1984年由 George Cowan，David Pines，Stirling Colgate，默里·盖尔曼，Nick Metropolis，Herb Anderson，Peter a. Carruthers 和 Richard Slansky 创立的。除了派恩斯和盖尔曼，其他人都是洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的科学家。圣菲研究所的最初任务是传播独立的跨学科研究领域的概念，复杂性理论在 SFI 被称为复杂性科学。最近，印度拉贾斯坦邦的印度理工学院焦特布尔校区开始通过学士、硕士和博士项目向学生灌输系统科学和工程学。这使它成为印度第一个向学生提供系统科学教育的机构。 + + + +
→Organizations
在他们当中，包括了一些其他的科学家，如Ackoff,Ashby,Margaret Mead和Churchman，他们在20世纪50年代和60年代普及了系统的概念，这些科学家激励并教育了第二代科学家。而且他们中有更著名的科学家，如Ervin Laszlo(1932年)和fritzjof Capra (1939年)，他们在20世纪70年代和80年代写过系统论。其他人在20世纪80年代认识并开始研究这些作品，并从20世纪90年代开始撰写相关文章。Debora Hammond可以被认为是第三代系统科学家的典型代表。
在他们当中，包括了一些其他的科学家，如Ackoff,Ashby,Margaret Mead和Churchman，他们在20世纪50年代和60年代普及了系统的概念，这些科学家激励并教育了第二代科学家。而且他们中有更著名的科学家，如Ervin Laszlo(1932年)和fritzjof Capra (1939年)，他们在20世纪70年代和80年代写过系统论。其他人在20世纪80年代认识并开始研究这些作品，并从20世纪90年代开始撰写相关文章。Debora Hammond可以被认为是第三代系统科学家的典型代表。
== Organizations ==
== 组织机构 ==
[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_systems_sciences_organizations 系统科学组织名录]]
[[国际系统科学学会]](ISSS)是一个关于系统科学的跨学科机构和综合组织。就范围的广度而言，ISSS在以系统为导向的机构中是独一无二的，它汇集了来自学术、商业、政府和非盈利组织的学者和从业人员。并且基于50年来对复杂系统的科学研究到管理以及社区发展的交互方法，它做了大量的跨学科研究。该协会最初是1954年在斯坦福行为科学高级研究中心由Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Kenneth Boulding, Ralph Gerard,和Anatol Rapoport提出建立的。
在系统科学领域，[[国际系统研究联合会]](IFSR)是系统科学领域在全球和地方的国际联合会。本联合会成立于1981年，是一个非营利的科学和教育机构，由来自不同国家的大约三十个成员组织组成。本联合会的总体宗旨是促进控制论和系统研究及系统应用的发展，并为国际系统界服务。
该领域最著名的研究机构是位于美国新墨西哥州圣达菲的[[圣达菲研究所]](SFI)，它致力于[[复杂系统]]的研究。这个研究所是在1984年由George Cowan，David Pines，Stirling Colgate，Murray Gell-Mann，Nick Metropolis，Herb Anderson，Peter a. Carruthers 和 Richard Slansky 创立的。除了Pines和Gell-Mann，其他人都是[[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]的科学家。圣菲研究所的最初任务是传播独立的跨学科研究领域的概念，在SFI，复杂性理论被称为[[复杂性科学]]。最近，印度拉贾斯坦邦的印度理工学院(IIT Jodhpur)焦特布尔校区开始通过学士、硕士和博士项目向学生教授系统科学和工程学。这使得它成为印度第一个向学生提供系统科学教育的机构。
== See also ==
== See also ==