更改

A meta-network is a multi-mode, multi-link, multi-level network. Multi-mode means that there are many types of nodes; e.g., nodes people and locations. Multi-link means that there are many types of links; e.g., friendship and advice. Multi-level means that some nodes may be members of other nodes, such as a network composed of people and organizations and one of the links is who is a member of which organization.

A meta-network is a multi-mode, multi-link, multi-level network. Multi-mode means that there are many types of nodes; e.g., nodes people and locations. Multi-link means that there are many types of links; e.g., friendship and advice. Multi-level means that some nodes may be members of other nodes, such as a network composed of people and organizations and one of the links is who is a member of which organization.

'''<font color="#ff8000">元网络 Meta-Network</font>'''是一个多模式、多链路、多层次的网络。多模式意味着有许多类型的节点; 例如，人和位置。多链接意味着有许多类型的链接，例如，友谊和建议。多层级意味着某些节点可能是其他节点的成员，例如由人员和组织组成的网络，而链接之一就是谁是哪个组织的成员。

'''<font color="#ff8000">元网络 Meta-Network</font>'''是一种多模式、多链接、多层级的网络。多模式意味着有多种类型的节点; 例如，人与位置坐标的节点。多链接意味有着众多类型的链接，例如友谊和建议。多层级表明某些节点可能是其他节点的组成部分，例如由人员和组织构成的网络，并且链接之一就是谁是哪个组织的成员。

While different researchers use different modes, common modes reflect who, what, when, where, why and how. A simple example of a meta-network is the PCANS formulation with people, tasks, and resources. A more detailed formulation considers people, tasks, resources, knowledge, and organizations. The ORA tool was developed to support meta-network analysis.

While different researchers use different modes, common modes reflect who, what, when, where, why and how. A simple example of a meta-network is the PCANS formulation with people, tasks, and resources. A more detailed formulation considers people, tasks, resources, knowledge, and organizations. The ORA tool was developed to support meta-network analysis.

虽然不同的研究人员使用不同的模式，共同的模式却都反映了谁，什么，什么时候，在哪里，为什么和如何。元网络的一个简单示例是包含人、任务和资源的 PCANS 公式。更详细的公式考虑人员、任务、资源、知识和组织。ORA工具是为支持元网络分析而开发的。

虽然不同的研究人员使用不同的模式，共同的模式却都反映了何人、何事、时间、地点、原因和方式。一个简单的元网络示例是包含有人员、任务和资源的 PCANS 公式。更详细的公式会考虑人员、任务、资源、知识和组织。ORA工具是为支持元网络分析而开发。

==Illustrative problems that people in the DNA area work on  DNA领域的人们正在研究的说明性问题==

==Illustrative problems that people in the DNA area work on  DNA领域的工作者们正在研究的解释性问题==

* Developing metrics and statistics to assess and identify change within and across networks.

* Developing metrics and statistics to assess and identify change within and across networks.

* Developing and validating simulations to study network change, evolution, adaptation, decay. See [[Computer simulation and organizational studies]]

* Developing and validating simulations to study network change, evolution, adaptation, decay. See [[Computer simulation and organizational studies]]

* Developing and validating formal models of network generation and evolution

* Developing and validating formal models of network generation and evolution

* Developing techniques to visualize network change overall or at the node or group level

* Developing techniques to visualize network change overall or at the node or group level

* Developing statistical techniques to see whether differences observed over time in networks are due to simply different samples from a distribution of links and nodes or changes over time in the underlying distribution of links and nodes

* Developing statistical techniques to see whether differences observed over time in networks are due to simply different samples from a distribution of links and nodes or changes over time in the underlying distribution of links and nodes

* Developing control processes for networks over time

* Developing control processes for networks over time

* Developing tools to extract or locate networks from various data sources such as texts

* Developing tools to extract or locate networks from various data sources such as texts

开发从各种数据源(如文本)中提取或定位网络的工具

开发从各种数据源资源(如文本)中提取或定位网络的工具

* Developing statistically valid measurements on networks over time

* Developing statistically valid measurements on networks over time

* Examining the robustness of network metrics under various types of missing data

* Examining the robustness of network metrics under various types of missing data

* Empirical studies of multi-mode multi-link multi-time period networks

* Empirical studies of multi-mode multi-link multi-time period networks

* Identifying trails through time given a sequence of networks

* Identifying trails through time given a sequence of networks

* Identifying changes in node criticality given a sequence of networks anything else related to multi-mode multi-link multi-time period networks

* Identifying changes in node criticality given a sequence of networks anything else related to multi-mode multi-link multi-time period networks

* Studying random walks on temporal networks<ref name="rw" />

* Studying random walks on temporal networks<ref name="rw" />

* Quantifying structural properties of contact sequences in dynamic networks, which influence dynamical processes<ref name="betweenness"/>

* Quantifying structural properties of contact sequences in dynamic networks, which influence dynamical processes<ref name="betweenness"/>

*Assessment of the structure of ethnic violence from news data<ref name="ethnic" />

*Assessment of the structure of ethnic violence from news data<ref name="ethnic" />

*Assessment of terror groups<ref name="terror" />

*Assessment of terror groups<ref name="terror" />

*Online social decay of social interactions<ref name="socialdecay" />

*Online social decay of social interactions<ref name="socialdecay" />

*Visualization of large financial networks over time<ref name="dnb" />

*Visualization of large financial networks over time<ref name="dnb" />

*Modelling of classroom interactions in schools<ref name="edu" />

*Modelling of classroom interactions in schools<ref name="edu" />