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第42行： − − − − − A traditional model of a biological system will focus on capturing its most important parameters. In contrast, an alife modeling approach will generally seek to decipher the most simple and general principles underlying life and implement them in a simulation. The simulation then offers the possibility to analyse new and different lifelike systems. − − A traditional model of a biological system will focus on capturing its most important parameters. In contrast, an alife modeling approach will generally seek to decipher the most simple and general principles underlying life and implement them in a simulation. The simulation then offers the possibility to analyse new and different lifelike systems. + − − Vladimir Georgievich Red'ko proposed to generalize this distinction to the modeling of any process, leading to the more general distinction of "processes-as-we-know-them" and "processes-as-they-could-be".<ref>See Red'ko, V. G. 1999. [http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/MATHME.html Mathematical Modeling of Evolution]. in: F. Heylighen, C. Joslyn and V. Turchin (editors): Principia Cybernetica Web (Principia Cybernetica, Brussels). For the importance of ALife modeling from a cosmic perspective, see also Vidal, C. 2008.[https://arxiv.org/abs/0803.1087 The Future of Scientific Simulations: from Artificial Life to Artificial Cosmogenesis]. In Death And Anti-Death, ed. Charles Tandy, 6: Thirty Years After Kurt Gödel (1906-1978) p. 285-318. Ria University Press.)</ref> − − Vladimir Georgievich Red'ko proposed to generalize this distinction to the modeling of any process, leading to the more general distinction of "processes-as-we-know-them" and "processes-as-they-could-be". − − Vladimir Georgievich Red'ko 建议将这一本质区别推广至任意过程的建模中，从而概括出“我们所知的过程”与“他们可能是的过程”作为更加广义的区分。<ref>See Red'ko, V. G. 1999. [http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/MATHME.html Mathematical Modeling of Evolution]. in: F. Heylighen, C. Joslyn and V. Turchin (editors): Principia Cybernetica Web (Principia Cybernetica, Brussels). For the importance of ALife modeling from a cosmic perspective, see also Vidal, C. 2008.[https://arxiv.org/abs/0803.1087 The Future of Scientific Simulations: from Artificial Life to Artificial Cosmogenesis]. In Death And Anti-Death, ed. Charles Tandy, 6: Thirty Years After Kurt Gödel (1906-1978) p. 285-318. Ria University Press.)</ref> − − At present, the commonly accepted [[Life#Definitions|definition of life]] does not consider any current alife simulations or [[software]] to be alive, and they do not constitute part of the evolutionary process of any [[ecosystem]]. However, different opinions about artificial life's potential have arisen: − − At present, the commonly accepted definition of life does not consider any current alife simulations or software to be alive, and they do not constitute part of the evolutionary process of any ecosystem. However, different opinions about artificial life's potential have arisen: 第73行：
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→Philosophy 哲学讨论
传统生物学模型会侧重于捕捉生命最重要的决定因素，与之相比，人工生命建模则想要破译隐藏在生命体中最简单、最通用的规则和原理，并在模拟中实现它们。模拟仿真方法为分析各种新出现的拟生系统提供了可能性。
传统生物学模型会侧重于捕捉生命最重要的决定因素，与之相比，人工生命建模则想要破译隐藏在生命体中最简单、最通用的规则和原理，并在模拟中实现它们。模拟仿真方法为分析各种新出现的拟生系统提供了可能性。
Vladimir Georgievich Red'ko 建议将这一本质区别推广至任意过程的建模中，从而概括出“我们所知的过程 processes-as-we-know-them”与“他们可能是的过程 processes-as-they-could-be”作为更加广义的区分。<ref>See Red'ko, V. G. 1999. [http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/MATHME.html Mathematical Modeling of Evolution]. in: F. Heylighen, C. Joslyn and V. Turchin (editors): Principia Cybernetica Web (Principia Cybernetica, Brussels). For the importance of ALife modeling from a cosmic perspective, see also Vidal, C. 2008.[https://arxiv.org/abs/0803.1087 The Future of Scientific Simulations: from Artificial Life to Artificial Cosmogenesis]. In Death And Anti-Death, ed. Charles Tandy, 6: Thirty Years After Kurt Gödel (1906-1978) p. 285-318. Ria University Press.)</ref>
目前，学界普遍不接受任何人工生命模拟符合生命定义的、或认为软件系统是活的。认为它们并不构成任何生态系统进化过程的一部分。然而对于人工生命的潜力，依然有很多不同观点：
目前，学界普遍不接受任何人工生命模拟符合生命定义的、或认为软件系统是活的。认为它们并不构成任何生态系统进化过程的一部分。然而对于人工生命的潜力，依然有很多不同观点：
* The ''weak alife'' position denies the possibility of generating a "living process" outside of a chemical solution. Its researchers try instead to simulate life processes to understand the underlying mechanics of biological phenomena.
* The ''weak alife'' position denies the possibility of generating a "living process" outside of a chemical solution. Its researchers try instead to simulate life processes to understand the underlying mechanics of biological phenomena.
* 强人工生命模拟立场认为（参见强AI），“生命是可以从任何特定的介质抽离的过程”（约翰·冯·诺伊曼）。值得注意的是，汤姆·雷（Tom Ray）宣布，他的程序Tierra不是在计算机中模拟的生命，而是在其中成合成生命。<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ray|first1=Thomas|authorlink1=Thomas S. Ray|editor1-last=Taylor|editor1-first=C. C.|editor2-last=Farmer|editor2-first=J. D.|editor3-last=Rasmussen|editor3-first=S|title=An approach to the synthesis of life|journal=Artificial Life II, Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity|date=1991|volume=XI|pages=371–408|url=http://life.ou.edu/pubs/alife2/tierra.tex|language=English|quote=The intent of this work is to synthesize rather than simulate life.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711051305/http://life.ou.edu/pubs/alife2/tierra.tex|archivedate=2015-07-11|accessdate=24 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 强人工生命模拟立场认为（参见强AI），“生命是可以从任何特定的介质抽离的过程”（[[约翰·冯·诺依曼 John von Neumann]]）。值得注意的是，汤姆·雷 Tom Ray宣布，他的程序Tierra不是在计算机中模拟的生命，而是在其中成合成生命。<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ray|first1=Thomas|authorlink1=Thomas S. Ray|editor1-last=Taylor|editor1-first=C. C.|editor2-last=Farmer|editor2-first=J. D.|editor3-last=Rasmussen|editor3-first=S|title=An approach to the synthesis of life|journal=Artificial Life II, Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity|date=1991|volume=XI|pages=371–408|url=http://life.ou.edu/pubs/alife2/tierra.tex|language=English|quote=The intent of this work is to synthesize rather than simulate life.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711051305/http://life.ou.edu/pubs/alife2/tierra.tex|archivedate=2015-07-11|accessdate=24 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 弱人工生命模拟立场否认在化学溶液之外产生 "生命过程 "的可能性，期研究者转而尝试模拟生命过程，以理解生命现象的基本机理。
* 弱人工生命模拟立场否认在化学溶液之外产生 ”生命过程“的可能性，期研究者转而尝试模拟生命过程，以理解生命现象的基本机理。
==Software-based ("soft")软件模拟人工生命==
==Software-based ("soft")软件模拟人工生命==