2019年5月,研究人员在一项具有里程碑意义的工作中,报告通过将细菌基因组中自然数量的64个密码子减少到59个密码子,并编入20个氨基酸,创造了一种新的合成(可能是人工)形式的可行生命,一种大肠杆菌的变种。<ref name="NYT-20190515">{{cite news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |title=Scientists Created Bacteria With a Synthetic Genome. Is This Artificial Life? - In a milestone for synthetic biology, colonies of E. coli thrive with DNA constructed from scratch by humans, not nature. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/15/science/synthetic-genome-bacteria.html |date=15 May 2019 |work=The New York Times|accessdate=16 May 2019 }}</ref><ref name="NAT-20190515">{{cite journal |author=Fredens, Julius |display-authors=et al. |title=Total synthesis of Escherichia coli with a recoded genome |date=15 May 2019 |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1192-5 |pmid=31092918 |pmc=7039709 |volume=569 |issue=7757 |pages=514–518 }}</ref> | 2019年5月,研究人员在一项具有里程碑意义的工作中,报告通过将细菌基因组中自然数量的64个密码子减少到59个密码子,并编入20个氨基酸,创造了一种新的合成(可能是人工)形式的可行生命,一种大肠杆菌的变种。<ref name="NYT-20190515">{{cite news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |title=Scientists Created Bacteria With a Synthetic Genome. Is This Artificial Life? - In a milestone for synthetic biology, colonies of E. coli thrive with DNA constructed from scratch by humans, not nature. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/15/science/synthetic-genome-bacteria.html |date=15 May 2019 |work=The New York Times|accessdate=16 May 2019 }}</ref><ref name="NAT-20190515">{{cite journal |author=Fredens, Julius |display-authors=et al. |title=Total synthesis of Escherichia coli with a recoded genome |date=15 May 2019 |journal=Nature |doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1192-5 |pmid=31092918 |pmc=7039709 |volume=569 |issue=7757 |pages=514–518 }}</ref> |