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自从人类开始记录他们的神话和故事以来，人工制品被赋予生命的想法就一直吸引着人类。无论是[[《皮格马利翁》]]还是[[《弗兰肯斯坦》]]，人类一直对<font color="#ff8000"> '''人工生命artificial life'''</font>的概念着迷。
自从人类开始记录他们的神话和故事以来，人工制品被赋予生命的想法就一直吸引着人类。无论是[[《皮格马利翁》]]还是[[《弗兰肯斯坦》]]，人类一直对<font color="#ff8000"> '''人工生命artificial life'''</font>的概念着迷。
== Pre-computer ==
== 计算机出现之前 ==
[[Automaton]]s were quite a novelty. In the days before computers and electronics, some were very sophisticated, using [[pneumatics]], [[mechanics]], and [[hydraulics]]. The first automata were conceived during the third and second centuries BC and these were demonstrated by the theorems of [[Hero of Alexandria]], which included sophisticated mechanical and hydraulic solutions.<ref>Droz, Edmond. (April 1962), From joined doll to talking robot, New Scientist, vol. 14, no. 282. pp. 37–40.</ref> Many of his notable works were included in the book ''Pneumatics'', which was also used for constructing machines until early modern times.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Synthetic Biology Analysed: Tools for Discussion and Evaluation|last=Engelhard|first=Margret|publisher=Springer|year=2016|isbn=9783319251431|location=Cham|pages=75}}</ref> In 1490, Leonardo da Vinci also constructed an [[Leonardo's robot|armored knight]], which is considered the first humanoid robot in Western civilization.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Introduction to Mobile Robot Control|last=Tzafestas|first=Spyros|publisher=Elsevier|year=2014|isbn=9780124170490|location=Waltham, MA|pages=3}}</ref>
[[Automaton]]s were quite a novelty. In the days before computers and electronics, some were very sophisticated, using [[pneumatics]], [[mechanics]], and [[hydraulics]]. The first automata were conceived during the third and second centuries BC and these were demonstrated by the theorems of [[Hero of Alexandria]], which included sophisticated mechanical and hydraulic solutions.<ref>Droz, Edmond. (April 1962), From joined doll to talking robot, New Scientist, vol. 14, no. 282. pp. 37–40.</ref> Many of his notable works were included in the book ''Pneumatics'', which was also used for constructing machines until early modern times.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Synthetic Biology Analysed: Tools for Discussion and Evaluation|last=Engelhard|first=Margret|publisher=Springer|year=2016|isbn=9783319251431|location=Cham|pages=75}}</ref> In 1490, Leonardo da Vinci also constructed an [[Leonardo's robot|armored knight]], which is considered the first humanoid robot in Western civilization.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Introduction to Mobile Robot Control|last=Tzafestas|first=Spyros|publisher=Elsevier|year=2014|isbn=9780124170490|location=Waltham, MA|pages=3}}</ref>