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| | ====Analysis 分析==== | | ====Analysis 分析==== |
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| − | Several analyses can be used during the initial data analysis phase:{{sfn|Adèr|2008a|pp=346-347}}
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| − | Several analyses can be used during the initial data analysis phase:
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| | 在初始数据分析阶段可以使用以下几种分析: | | 在初始数据分析阶段可以使用以下几种分析: |
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| − | *Univariate statistics (single variable)
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| | * 单变量统计学(单变量) | | * 单变量统计学(单变量) |
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| − | *Bivariate associations (correlations)
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| | * 双变量关联(相关) | | * 双变量关联(相关) |
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| − | *Graphical techniques (scatter plots)
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| | * 图表技术(散点图) | | * 图表技术(散点图) |
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| | It is important to take the measurement levels of the variables into account for the analyses, as special statistical techniques are available for each level: | | It is important to take the measurement levels of the variables into account for the analyses, as special statistical techniques are available for each level: |
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| − | 在进行分析时必须考虑到变量的测量水平,因为每个水平都有专门的统计技术:
| + | 在进行分析时必须考虑到变量的测量水平,因为每个水平都有专门的统计方法: |
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| | + | * 名义变量和顺序变量 |
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| − | *Nominal and ordinal variables
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| − | * 称名和顺序变量
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| − | **Frequency counts (numbers and percentages)
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| | ** 频数(数和百分比) | | ** 频数(数和百分比) |
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| − | **Associations
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| | ** 相关 | | ** 相关 |
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| − | ***circumambulations (crosstabulations)
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| | *** '''<font color = '#32cd32'>circumambulations</font> '''(交叉表crosstabulations) | | *** '''<font color = '#32cd32'>circumambulations</font> '''(交叉表crosstabulations) |
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| − | ***hierarchical loglinear analysis (restricted to a maximum of 8 variables)
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| | *** '''<font color='#ff8000'>层次对数线性分析hierarchical loglinear analysis</font>'''(最多只能有8个变量) | | *** '''<font color='#ff8000'>层次对数线性分析hierarchical loglinear analysis</font>'''(最多只能有8个变量) |
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| − | ***loglinear analysis (to identify relevant/important variables and possible confounders)
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| | *** '''<font color='#ff8000'>对数线性分析 loglinear analysis</font>'''(确定相关/重要的变量及可能的混淆因素) | | *** '''<font color='#ff8000'>对数线性分析 loglinear analysis</font>'''(确定相关/重要的变量及可能的混淆因素) |
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| − | **Exact tests or bootstrapping (in case subgroups are small)
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| | ** '''<font color='#ff8000'>精确检验exact tests</font>'''或者bootstrapping(当子群很小时) | | ** '''<font color='#ff8000'>精确检验exact tests</font>'''或者bootstrapping(当子群很小时) |
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| − | **Computation of new variables
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| | ** 计算新变量 | | ** 计算新变量 |
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| − | *Continuous variables
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| | * 连续变量 | | * 连续变量 |
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| − | **Distribution
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| | ** 分布 | | ** 分布 |
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| − | ***Statistics (M, SD, variance, skewness, kurtosis)
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| | *** 统计学量(均值M,标准差SD,方差,偏度,峰度) | | *** 统计学量(均值M,标准差SD,方差,偏度,峰度) |
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| − | ***Stem-and-leaf displays
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| | *** '''<font color='#ff8000'>茎叶图Stem-and-leaf displays</font>''' | | *** '''<font color='#ff8000'>茎叶图Stem-and-leaf displays</font>''' |
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| − | ***Box plots
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| | *** '''<font color='#ff8000'>箱图Box plots</font>''' | | *** '''<font color='#ff8000'>箱图Box plots</font>''' |
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| | ====Nonlinear analysis非线性分析==== | | ====Nonlinear analysis非线性分析==== |