第700行: |
第700行: |
| * In [[excitation–contraction coupling]] of the heart, an increase in intracellular calcium ions to the cardiac myocyte is detected by ryanodine receptors in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum which transport calcium out into the cytosol in a positive feedback physiological response. | | * In [[excitation–contraction coupling]] of the heart, an increase in intracellular calcium ions to the cardiac myocyte is detected by ryanodine receptors in the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum which transport calcium out into the cytosol in a positive feedback physiological response. |
| | | |
− | 在心脏的兴奋收缩耦合中,细胞内钙离子增加到心肌细胞时,被肌浆网膜上的雷公藤受体检测到,将钙输送到胞浆外,形成正反馈生理反应。
| + | 在心脏的兴奋收缩耦合中,肌浆网膜中的莱丹碱受体检测到心肌细胞内钙离子的增加,该受体以正反馈生理反应将钙运出到细胞质中。 |
| | | |
| | | |
第770行: |
第770行: |
| Winner (1996) described gifted children as driven by positive feedback loops involving setting their own learning course, this feeding back satisfaction, thus further setting their learning goals to higher levels and so on.<ref name=Winner1996/> Winner termed this positive feedback loop as a "rage to master." Vandervert (2009a, 2009b) proposed that the [[child prodigy]] can be explained in terms of a positive feedback loop between the output of thinking/performing in [[working memory]], which then is fed to the [[cerebellum]] where it is streamlined, and then fed back to working memory thus steadily increasing the quantitative and qualitative output of working memory.<ref name=Vandervert2009a/><ref name=Vandervert2009b/> Vandervert also argued that this working memory/cerebellar positive feedback loop was responsible for [[language]] evolution in working memory. | | Winner (1996) described gifted children as driven by positive feedback loops involving setting their own learning course, this feeding back satisfaction, thus further setting their learning goals to higher levels and so on.<ref name=Winner1996/> Winner termed this positive feedback loop as a "rage to master." Vandervert (2009a, 2009b) proposed that the [[child prodigy]] can be explained in terms of a positive feedback loop between the output of thinking/performing in [[working memory]], which then is fed to the [[cerebellum]] where it is streamlined, and then fed back to working memory thus steadily increasing the quantitative and qualitative output of working memory.<ref name=Vandervert2009a/><ref name=Vandervert2009b/> Vandervert also argued that this working memory/cerebellar positive feedback loop was responsible for [[language]] evolution in working memory. |
| | | |
− | | + | 温纳(Winner,1996)将有天赋的孩子描述为受到正反馈循环的驱动,这些反馈循环涉及设置自己的学习课程,反馈自己的满意程度,从而进一步将他们的学习目标提高到更高水平等等。 |
| + | Winner将这种正反馈循环称为 "愤怒的掌握"。 Vandervert(2009a,2009b)提出,神童可以用工作记忆中的思维/表现的输出之间的正反馈回路来解释,工作记忆中的思维/表现的输出被反馈到小脑,在那里被精简,然后再反馈到工作记忆中,从而稳定地增加工作记忆的数量和质量输出。 |
| | | |
| === In economics === | | === In economics === |
第782行: |
第783行: |
| Product recommendations and information about past purchases have been shown to influence consumers choices significantly whether it is for music, movie, book, technological, and other type of products. Social influence often induces a rich-get-richer phenomenon ([[Matthew effect]]) where popular products tend to become even more popular.<ref name="altszyler2017">{{cite journal | title= Transient dynamics in trial-offer markets with social influence: Trade-offs between appeal and quality. | author1= Altszyler, E | author2= Berbeglia, F. | author3= Berbeglia, G. | author4= Van Hentenryck, P. | journal= PLOS ONE | year= 2017 | volume= 12 | issue= 7 | df= | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0180040 |pmid = 28746334| pmc= 5528888 | page=e0180040| bibcode= 2017PLoSO..1280040A }}</ref> | | Product recommendations and information about past purchases have been shown to influence consumers choices significantly whether it is for music, movie, book, technological, and other type of products. Social influence often induces a rich-get-richer phenomenon ([[Matthew effect]]) where popular products tend to become even more popular.<ref name="altszyler2017">{{cite journal | title= Transient dynamics in trial-offer markets with social influence: Trade-offs between appeal and quality. | author1= Altszyler, E | author2= Berbeglia, F. | author3= Berbeglia, G. | author4= Van Hentenryck, P. | journal= PLOS ONE | year= 2017 | volume= 12 | issue= 7 | df= | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0180040 |pmid = 28746334| pmc= 5528888 | page=e0180040| bibcode= 2017PLoSO..1280040A }}</ref> |
| | | |
| + | 事实证明,产品推荐和过去购买的信息对消费者的选择影响很大,无论是音乐、电影、书籍、技术还是其他类型的产品。社会影响往往会诱发一种 "富者越富 "的现象(马太效应),即热门产品往往会变得更加受欢迎。 |
| | | |
| | | |
第796行: |
第798行: |
| | | |
| According to the theory of [[reflexivity (social theory)|reflexivity]] advanced by [[George Soros]], price changes are driven by a positive feedback process whereby investors' expectations are influenced by price movements so their behaviour acts to reinforce movement in that direction until it becomes unsustainable, whereupon the feedback drives prices in the opposite direction.<ref>{{citation |title=Behavioural Technical Analysis |first=Paul V. |last=Azzopardi |publisher=Harriman House Limited |year=2010 |page=116 |isbn=9780857190680 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04Ay8qviuwgC&pg=PA116&lpg=PA116 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329103058/https://books.google.com/books?id=04Ay8qviuwgC&pg=PA116&lpg=PA116&source=bl&hl=en&sa=X&f=false |archivedate=2017-03-29 }}</ref> | | According to the theory of [[reflexivity (social theory)|reflexivity]] advanced by [[George Soros]], price changes are driven by a positive feedback process whereby investors' expectations are influenced by price movements so their behaviour acts to reinforce movement in that direction until it becomes unsustainable, whereupon the feedback drives prices in the opposite direction.<ref>{{citation |title=Behavioural Technical Analysis |first=Paul V. |last=Azzopardi |publisher=Harriman House Limited |year=2010 |page=116 |isbn=9780857190680 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04Ay8qviuwgC&pg=PA116&lpg=PA116 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329103058/https://books.google.com/books?id=04Ay8qviuwgC&pg=PA116&lpg=PA116&source=bl&hl=en&sa=X&f=false |archivedate=2017-03-29 }}</ref> |
| + | |
| + | 根据乔治•索罗斯 George Soros提出的反射性理论,价格变化是由一个正反馈过程驱动的,即投资者的预期受到价格变动的影响,因此他们的行为会强化这个方向的运动,直到它变得不可持续,于是反馈推动价格向相反的方向发展。 |
| | | |
| Category:Electronic feedback | | Category:Electronic feedback |