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− | ==Onset of turbulence==
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| ==Onset of turbulence== | | ==Onset of turbulence== |
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| <math> \mathrm{Re} = \frac{\rho v L}{\mu} \,,</math> | | <math> \mathrm{Re} = \frac{\rho v L}{\mu} \,,</math> |
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− | 数学,数学,数学
| + | mathrm{Re} = \frac{\rho v L}{\mu} |
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| where: | | where: |
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− | 在哪里:
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| * {{mvar|[[Rho (letter)|ρ]]}} is the [[density]] of the fluid ([[SI units]]: kg/m<sup>3</sup>) | | * {{mvar|[[Rho (letter)|ρ]]}} is the [[density]] of the fluid ([[SI units]]: kg/m<sup>3</sup>) |
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− | ==Heat and momentum transfer==
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| ==Heat and momentum transfer== | | ==Heat and momentum transfer== |
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| <math>v_x = \underbrace{\overline{v}_x}_\text{mean value} + \underbrace{v'_x}_\text{fluctuation} \quad \text{and} \quad v_y=\overline{v}_y + v'_y \,;</math> | | <math>v_x = \underbrace{\overline{v}_x}_\text{mean value} + \underbrace{v'_x}_\text{fluctuation} \quad \text{and} \quad v_y=\overline{v}_y + v'_y \,;</math> |
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− | 数学文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文本文
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| + | v_x = \underbrace{\overline{v}_x}_\text{mean value} + \underbrace{v'_x}_\text{fluctuation} \quad \text{and} \quad v_y=\overline{v}_y + v'_y \, |
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| ==Kolmogorov's theory of 1941{{anchor|Kolmogorov's theory}}== | | ==Kolmogorov's theory of 1941{{anchor|Kolmogorov's theory}}== |
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− | ==Kolmogorov's theory of 1941==
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| 科尔莫哥罗夫1941年的理论 | | 科尔莫哥罗夫1941年的理论 |
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| <math>\mathbf{u}(\mathbf{x}) = \iiint_{\mathbb{R}^3} \hat{\mathbf{u}}(\mathbf{k})e^{i \mathbf{k \cdot x}} \, \mathrm{d}^3\mathbf{k} \,,</math> | | <math>\mathbf{u}(\mathbf{x}) = \iiint_{\mathbb{R}^3} \hat{\mathbf{u}}(\mathbf{k})e^{i \mathbf{k \cdot x}} \, \mathrm{d}^3\mathbf{k} \,,</math> |
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− | 数学数学数学数学数学公式,数学数学公式,数学公式,数学公式,数学公式
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| + | mathbf{u}(\mathbf{x}) = \iiint_{\mathbb{R}^3} \hat{\mathbf{u}}(\mathbf{k})e^{i \mathbf{k \cdot x}} \, \mathrm{d}^3\mathbf{k} |
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| where ⟨u<sub>i</sub>u<sub>i</sub>⟩}} is the mean turbulent kinetic energy of the flow. The wavenumber corresponding to length scale is }}. Therefore, by dimensional analysis, the only possible form for the energy spectrum function according with the third Kolmogorov's hypothesis is | | where ⟨u<sub>i</sub>u<sub>i</sub>⟩}} is the mean turbulent kinetic energy of the flow. The wavenumber corresponding to length scale is }}. Therefore, by dimensional analysis, the only possible form for the energy spectrum function according with the third Kolmogorov's hypothesis is |
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− | 其中 u 子 i / 子 u 子 i / 子 something }是流动的平均湍动能。对应于长度尺度的波数是}。因此,到了量纲分析,符合 Kolmogorov 第三假说的能谱函数唯一可能的形式是
| + | 其中⟨u<sub>i</sub>u<sub>i</sub>⟩是流动的平均湍动能。对应于长度尺度的波数是}。因此,到了量纲分析,符合 Kolmogorov 第三假说的能谱函数唯一可能的形式是 |
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| <math>E(k) = C \varepsilon^\frac23 k^{-\frac53} \,,</math> | | <math>E(k) = C \varepsilon^\frac23 k^{-\frac53} \,,</math> |
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− | 数学 e (k) c varepsilon ^ fr23 k ^-fr53} ,,/ math
| + | E(k) = C \varepsilon^\frac23 k^{-\frac53} |
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| <math>\delta \mathbf{u}(r) = \mathbf{u}(\mathbf{x} + \mathbf{r}) - \mathbf{u}(\mathbf{x}) \,;</math> | | <math>\delta \mathbf{u}(r) = \mathbf{u}(\mathbf{x} + \mathbf{r}) - \mathbf{u}(\mathbf{x}) \,;</math> |
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− | Math delta mathbf { u }(r) mathbf { u }( mathbf { x } + mathbf { r })- mathbf { u }( mathbf { x }) ,/ math
| + | delta \mathbf{u}(r) = \mathbf{u}(\mathbf{x} + \mathbf{r}) - \mathbf{u}(\mathbf{x}) |
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| <math>\delta \mathbf{u}(\lambda r)</math> | | <math>\delta \mathbf{u}(\lambda r)</math> |
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− | 数学[ delta ][ mathbf ][ u ][ lambda ] / math
| + | delta \mathbf{u}(\lambda r) |
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| <math>\lambda^\beta \delta \mathbf{u}(r)\,,</math> | | <math>\lambda^\beta \delta \mathbf{u}(r)\,,</math> |
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− | 数学,数学
| + | lambda^\beta \delta \mathbf{u}(r) |
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| <math>E(k) \propto k^{-p} \,,</math> | | <math>E(k) \propto k^{-p} \,,</math> |
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− | 数学 e (k) propto k ^ {-p } ,,/ math
| + | E(k) \propto k^{-p} |
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− | == See also ==
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| == See also == | | == See also == |
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− | ==References and notes==
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| ==References and notes== | | ==References and notes== |
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− | ==Further reading==
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| ==Further reading== | | ==Further reading== |
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− | ===General===
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| ===General=== | | ===General=== |
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− | ===Original scientific research papers and classic monographs===
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| ===Original scientific research papers and classic monographs=== | | ===Original scientific research papers and classic monographs=== |
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− | == External links ==
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| == External links == | | == External links == |
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− | | + | ==编者推荐== |
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