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* {{cite journal | last1 = Ahmed | first1 = E. | year = 2006 | title = On modeling the immune system as a complex system | url = | journal = Theor. BioSci. | volume = 124 | issue = 3–4| pages = 413–8 | bibcode = 2008arXiv0801.0847A | arxiv = 0801.0847 | doi = 10.1016/j.thbio.2005.07.001 | pmid = 17046369 }}
 
* {{cite journal | last1 = Ahmed | first1 = E. | year = 2006 | title = On modeling the immune system as a complex system | url = | journal = Theor. BioSci. | volume = 124 | issue = 3–4| pages = 413–8 | bibcode = 2008arXiv0801.0847A | arxiv = 0801.0847 | doi = 10.1016/j.thbio.2005.07.001 | pmid = 17046369 }}
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* Baianu, I. C., Computer Models and Automata Theory in Biology and Medicine., ''Monograph'', Ch.11 in M. Witten (Editor), ''Mathematical Models in Medicine'', vol. 7., Vol. 7: 1513-1577 (1987),Pergamon Press:New York, (updated by Hsiao Chen Lin in 2004 {{ISBN|0-08-036377-6}}
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* Baianu, I. C., Computer Models and Automata Theory in Biology and Medicine., ''Monograph'', Ch.11 in M. Witten (Editor), ''Mathematical Models in Medicine'', vol. 7., Vol. 7: 1513-1577 (1987),Pergamon Press:New York, (updated by Hsiao Chen Lin in 2004
    
* Bonner, J. T. 1988. ''The Evolution of Complexity by Means of Natural Selection''. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
 
* Bonner, J. T. 1988. ''The Evolution of Complexity by Means of Natural Selection''. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
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* Donald Snooks, Graeme, "A general theory of complex living systems: Exploring the demand side of dynamics", ''Complexity'', vol. 13, no. 6, July/August 2008.
 
* Donald Snooks, Graeme, "A general theory of complex living systems: Exploring the demand side of dynamics", ''Complexity'', vol. 13, no. 6, July/August 2008.
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* Drazin, P.G., ''Nonlinear systems''. [[Cambridge University Press|C.U.P.]], 1992. {{ISBN|0-521-40668-4}}
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* Drazin, P.G., ''Nonlinear systems''. [[Cambridge University Press|C.U.P.]], 1992.
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* Edelstein-Keshet, L., ''Mathematical Models in Biology''. SIAM, 2004. {{ISBN|0-07-554950-6}}
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* Edelstein-Keshet, L., ''Mathematical Models in Biology''. SIAM, 2004.
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* Forgacs, G.; S. A. Newman, ''Biological Physics of the Developing Embryo''. C.U.P., 2005. {{ISBN|0-521-78337-2}}
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* Forgacs, G.; S. A. Newman, ''Biological Physics of the Developing Embryo''. C.U.P., 2005.
    
* {{cite journal |author=Israel G |title=On the contribution of Volterra and Lotka to the development of modern biomathematics |journal=History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=37–49 |year=1988 |pmid=3045853}}
 
* {{cite journal |author=Israel G |title=On the contribution of Volterra and Lotka to the development of modern biomathematics |journal=History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=37–49 |year=1988 |pmid=3045853}}
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* Israel, G., 2005, "Book on mathematical biology" in [[Ivor Grattan-Guinness|Grattan-Guinness, I.]], ed., ''Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics''. Elsevier: 936-44.
 
* Israel, G., 2005, "Book on mathematical biology" in [[Ivor Grattan-Guinness|Grattan-Guinness, I.]], ed., ''Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics''. Elsevier: 936-44.
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* Jordan, D.W.; Smith, P., ''Nonlinear ordinary differential equations'', 2nd ed. O.U.P., 1987. {{ISBN|0-19-856562-3}}
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* Jordan, D.W.; Smith, P., ''Nonlinear ordinary differential equations'', 2nd ed. O.U.P., 1987.  
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* Kampen, N.G. van. ''Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry'', North Holland., 3rd ed. 2001, {{ISBN|0-444-89349-0}}
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* Kampen, N.G. van. ''Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry'', North Holland., 3rd ed. 2001,  
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* Murray, J.D., ''Mathematical Biology''. Springer-Verlag, 3rd ed. in 2 vols.: ''Mathematical Biology: I. An Introduction'', 2002 {{ISBN|0-387-95223-3}}; ''Mathematical Biology: II. Spatial Models and Biomedical Applications'', 2003  {{ISBN|0-387-95228-4}}.
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* Murray, J.D., ''Mathematical Biology''. Springer-Verlag, 3rd ed. in 2 vols.: ''Mathematical Biology: I. An Introduction'', 2002 ; ''Mathematical Biology: II. Spatial Models and Biomedical Applications'', 2003  .
    
* Nicolas Rashevsky. (1938)., ''Mathematical Biophysics''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
 
* Nicolas Rashevsky. (1938)., ''Mathematical Biophysics''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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* Preziosi, L., ''Cancer Modelling and Simulation''. Chapman Hall/CRC Press, 2003. {{ISBN|1-58488-361-8}}.
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* Preziosi, L., ''Cancer Modelling and Simulation''. Chapman Hall/CRC Press, 2003..
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* Renshaw, E., ''Modelling biological populations in space and time''. C.U.P., 1991. {{ISBN|0-521-44855-7}}
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* Renshaw, E., ''Modelling biological populations in space and time''. C.U.P., 1991.
    
* Rosen, Robert.1991, ''Life Itself: A Comprehensive Inquiry into the Nature, Origin, and Fabrication of Life'', Columbia University Press, published posthumously:
 
* Rosen, Robert.1991, ''Life Itself: A Comprehensive Inquiry into the Nature, Origin, and Fabrication of Life'', Columbia University Press, published posthumously:
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* Rosen, Robert .1970. ''Dynamical system theory in biology''. New York, Wiley-Interscience. {{ISBN|0-471-73550-7}}
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* Rosen, Robert .1970. ''Dynamical system theory in biology''. New York, Wiley-Interscience.
    
* Rosen, Robert. 2000, ''Essays on Life Itself'', Columbia University Press.
 
* Rosen, Robert. 2000, ''Essays on Life Itself'', Columbia University Press.
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* Rosen, Robert. 2003, "''Anticipatory Systems; Philosophical, Mathematical, and Methodolical Foundations''", Rosen Enterprises publs.
 
* Rosen, Robert. 2003, "''Anticipatory Systems; Philosophical, Mathematical, and Methodolical Foundations''", Rosen Enterprises publs.
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* Rubinow, S.I., ''Introduction to mathematical biology''. John Wiley, 1975. {{ISBN|0-471-74446-8}}
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* Rubinow, S.I., ''Introduction to mathematical biology''. John Wiley, 1975.
    
* {{cite journal |author=Scudo FM |title=Vito Volterra and theoretical ecology |journal=Theoretical Population Biology |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–23 |date=March 1971 |pmid=4950157 |doi=10.1016/0040-5809(71)90002-5}}
 
* {{cite journal |author=Scudo FM |title=Vito Volterra and theoretical ecology |journal=Theoretical Population Biology |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–23 |date=March 1971 |pmid=4950157 |doi=10.1016/0040-5809(71)90002-5}}
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* Segel, L.A., ''Modeling dynamic phenomena in molecular and cellular biology''. C.U.P., 1984. {{ISBN|0-521-27477-X}}.
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* Segel, L.A., ''Modeling dynamic phenomena in molecular and cellular biology''. C.U.P., 1984..
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* Strogatz, S.H., ''Nonlinear dynamics and Chaos: Applications to Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering.'' Perseus, 2001, {{ISBN|0-7382-0453-6}}
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* Strogatz, S.H., ''Nonlinear dynamics and Chaos: Applications to Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering.'' Perseus, 2001,
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* Thompson, D'Arcy W., 1992. ''On Growth and Form''. Dover reprint of 1942, 2nd ed. (1st ed., 1917). {{ISBN|0-486-67135-6}}
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* Thompson, D'Arcy W., 1992. ''On Growth and Form''. Dover reprint of 1942, 2nd ed. (1st ed., 1917).
    
==Further reading==
 
==Further reading==
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