| 基于主体建模已被广泛用于生物学,包括流行病的传播的分析<ref>{{cite arxiv |eprint=nlin/0403035 |last1=Situngkir |first1=Hokky |title=Epidemiology Through Cellular Automata: Case of Study Avian Influenza in Indonesia |year=2004}}</ref>和细菌战的威胁,生物用途包括种群动力学<ref>{{cite journal |last=Caplat |first=Paul |author2=Anand, Madhur |author3=Bauch, Chris |title=Symmetric competition causes population oscillations in an individual-based model of forest dynamics |journal=Ecological Modelling |date=March 10, 2008 |volume=211 |issue=3–4 |pages=491–500 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.10.002}}</ref>、随机基因表达<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Thomas|first=Philipp|date=December 2019|title=Intrinsic and extrinsic noise of gene expression in lineage trees|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=9|issue=1|pages=474|doi=10.1038/s41598-018-35927-x|issn=2045-2322|pmc=6345792|pmid=30679440|bibcode=2019NatSR...9..474T}}</ref> 、动植物交互<ref>Fedriani JM, T Wiegand, D Ayllón, F Palomares, A Suárez-Esteban and V. Grimm. 2018. Assisting seed dispersers to restore old-fields: an individual-based model of the interactions among badgers, foxes, and Iberian pear trees. Journal of Applied Ecology 55: 600–611.</ref>、植被生态学 <ref name="Ch'ng, E. (2009)">Ch'ng, E. (2009) An Artificial Life-Based Vegetation Modelling Approach for Biodiversity Research, in Nature-Inspired informatics for Intelligent Applications and Knowledge Discovery: Implications in Business, Science and Engineering, R. Chiong, Editor. 2009, IGI Global: Hershey, PA. http://complexity.io/Publications/NII-alifeVeg-eCHNG.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113173223/http://complexity.io/Publications/NII-alifeVeg-eCHNG.pdf |date=November 13, 2013 }}</ref> 、景观多样性<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wirth |first1=E. |last2=Szabó |first2=Gy. |last3=Czinkóczky |first3=A. |date=2016-06-07 |journal=ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences |volume=III-8 |pages=145–151 |doi=10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-8-145-2016 |bibcode=2016ISPAnIII8..145W|title=Measure of Landscape Heterogeneity by Agent-Based Methodology |doi-access=free }}</ref> 、古代文明的兴衰,民族中心主义的进化行为<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lima |first1=Francisco W. S. |last2=Hadzibeganovic |first2=Tarik |last3=Stauffer |first3=Dietrich |year=2009 |title=Evolution of ethnocentrism on undirected and directed Barabási–Albert networks |journal=Physica A |volume=388 |issue=24 |pages=4999–5004 |doi=10.1016/j.physa.2009.08.029 |bibcode=2009PhyA..388.4999L |arxiv=0905.2672 |s2cid=18233740 }}</ref> ,强迫位移/迁移<ref>{{cite book |title=The Chaos of Forced Migration: A Modeling Means to an Humanitarian End |first=Scott |last=Edwards |date=June 9, 2009 |publisher=[[VDM Verlag]] |pages=168 |isbn=978-3-639-16516-6}}</ref> ,语言选择动力学<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hadzibeganovic |first1=Tarik |last2=Stauffer |first2=Dietrich |last3=Schulze |first3=Christian |year=2009 |title=Agent-based computer simulations of language choice dynamics |url=|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |volume=1167 |issue=1|pages=221–229 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04507.x |pmid=19580569 |bibcode=2009NYASA1167..221H |s2cid=32790067 }}</ref>,认知建模,生物医学应用包括三维乳腺组织形态形成建模<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tang |first1=Jonathan |last2=Enderling |first2=Heiko |last3=Becker-Weimann |first3=Sabine |last4=Pham |first4=Christopher |last5=Polyzos |first5=Aris |last6=Chen |first6=Charlie |last7=Costes |first7=Sylvain |year=2011 |title=Phenotypic transition maps of 3D breast acini obtained by imaging-guided agent-based modeling |url=|journal=Integrative Biology |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=408–21 |doi=10.1039/c0ib00092b |pmid=21373705 |pmc=4009383 }}</ref>,电离辐射对乳房干细胞亚群动力学<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tang |first1=Jonathan |last2=Fernando-Garcia |first2=Ignacio |last3=Vijayakumar |first3=Sangeetha |last4=Martinez-Ruis |first4=Haydeliz |last5=Illa-Bochaca |first5=Irineu |last6=Nguyen |first6=David |last7=Mao |first7=Jian-Hua |last8=Costes |first8=Sylvain |last9=Barcellos-Hoff |first9=Mary Helen |year=2014 |title=Irradiation of juvenile, but not adult, mammary gland increases stem cell self-renewal and estrogen receptor negative tumors |url=|journal=Stem Cells |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=649–61 |doi=10.1002/stem.1533 |pmid=24038768 |s2cid=32979016 }}</ref>、炎症<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tang |first1=Jonathan |last2=Ley |first2=Klaus |last3=Hunt |first3=C. Anthony |year=2007 |title=Dynamics of in silico leukocyte rolling, activation, and adhesion |url=|journal=BMC Systems Biology |volume=1 |issue=14 |pages=14 |doi=10.1186/1752-0509-1-14 |pmid=17408504 |pmc=1839892 }}</ref> | | 基于主体建模已被广泛用于生物学,包括流行病的传播的分析<ref>{{cite arxiv |eprint=nlin/0403035 |last1=Situngkir |first1=Hokky |title=Epidemiology Through Cellular Automata: Case of Study Avian Influenza in Indonesia |year=2004}}</ref>和细菌战的威胁,生物用途包括种群动力学<ref>{{cite journal |last=Caplat |first=Paul |author2=Anand, Madhur |author3=Bauch, Chris |title=Symmetric competition causes population oscillations in an individual-based model of forest dynamics |journal=Ecological Modelling |date=March 10, 2008 |volume=211 |issue=3–4 |pages=491–500 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.10.002}}</ref>、随机基因表达<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Thomas|first=Philipp|date=December 2019|title=Intrinsic and extrinsic noise of gene expression in lineage trees|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=9|issue=1|pages=474|doi=10.1038/s41598-018-35927-x|issn=2045-2322|pmc=6345792|pmid=30679440|bibcode=2019NatSR...9..474T}}</ref> 、动植物交互<ref>Fedriani JM, T Wiegand, D Ayllón, F Palomares, A Suárez-Esteban and V. Grimm. 2018. Assisting seed dispersers to restore old-fields: an individual-based model of the interactions among badgers, foxes, and Iberian pear trees. Journal of Applied Ecology 55: 600–611.</ref>、植被生态学 <ref name="Ch'ng, E. (2009)">Ch'ng, E. (2009) An Artificial Life-Based Vegetation Modelling Approach for Biodiversity Research, in Nature-Inspired informatics for Intelligent Applications and Knowledge Discovery: Implications in Business, Science and Engineering, R. Chiong, Editor. 2009, IGI Global: Hershey, PA. http://complexity.io/Publications/NII-alifeVeg-eCHNG.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113173223/http://complexity.io/Publications/NII-alifeVeg-eCHNG.pdf |date=November 13, 2013 }}</ref> 、景观多样性<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wirth |first1=E. |last2=Szabó |first2=Gy. |last3=Czinkóczky |first3=A. |date=2016-06-07 |journal=ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences |volume=III-8 |pages=145–151 |doi=10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-8-145-2016 |bibcode=2016ISPAnIII8..145W|title=Measure of Landscape Heterogeneity by Agent-Based Methodology |doi-access=free }}</ref> 、古代文明的兴衰,民族中心主义的进化行为<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lima |first1=Francisco W. S. |last2=Hadzibeganovic |first2=Tarik |last3=Stauffer |first3=Dietrich |year=2009 |title=Evolution of ethnocentrism on undirected and directed Barabási–Albert networks |journal=Physica A |volume=388 |issue=24 |pages=4999–5004 |doi=10.1016/j.physa.2009.08.029 |bibcode=2009PhyA..388.4999L |arxiv=0905.2672 |s2cid=18233740 }}</ref> ,强迫位移/迁移<ref>{{cite book |title=The Chaos of Forced Migration: A Modeling Means to an Humanitarian End |first=Scott |last=Edwards |date=June 9, 2009 |publisher=[[VDM Verlag]] |pages=168 |isbn=978-3-639-16516-6}}</ref> ,语言选择动力学<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hadzibeganovic |first1=Tarik |last2=Stauffer |first2=Dietrich |last3=Schulze |first3=Christian |year=2009 |title=Agent-based computer simulations of language choice dynamics |url=|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |volume=1167 |issue=1|pages=221–229 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04507.x |pmid=19580569 |bibcode=2009NYASA1167..221H |s2cid=32790067 }}</ref>,认知建模,生物医学应用包括三维乳腺组织形态形成建模<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tang |first1=Jonathan |last2=Enderling |first2=Heiko |last3=Becker-Weimann |first3=Sabine |last4=Pham |first4=Christopher |last5=Polyzos |first5=Aris |last6=Chen |first6=Charlie |last7=Costes |first7=Sylvain |year=2011 |title=Phenotypic transition maps of 3D breast acini obtained by imaging-guided agent-based modeling |url=|journal=Integrative Biology |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=408–21 |doi=10.1039/c0ib00092b |pmid=21373705 |pmc=4009383 }}</ref>,电离辐射对乳房干细胞亚群动力学<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tang |first1=Jonathan |last2=Fernando-Garcia |first2=Ignacio |last3=Vijayakumar |first3=Sangeetha |last4=Martinez-Ruis |first4=Haydeliz |last5=Illa-Bochaca |first5=Irineu |last6=Nguyen |first6=David |last7=Mao |first7=Jian-Hua |last8=Costes |first8=Sylvain |last9=Barcellos-Hoff |first9=Mary Helen |year=2014 |title=Irradiation of juvenile, but not adult, mammary gland increases stem cell self-renewal and estrogen receptor negative tumors |url=|journal=Stem Cells |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=649–61 |doi=10.1002/stem.1533 |pmid=24038768 |s2cid=32979016 }}</ref>、炎症<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tang |first1=Jonathan |last2=Ley |first2=Klaus |last3=Hunt |first3=C. Anthony |year=2007 |title=Dynamics of in silico leukocyte rolling, activation, and adhesion |url=|journal=BMC Systems Biology |volume=1 |issue=14 |pages=14 |doi=10.1186/1752-0509-1-14 |pmid=17408504 |pmc=1839892 }}</ref> |
| <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tang |first1=Jonathan |last2=Hunt |first2=C. Anthony |year=2010 |title=Identifying the rules of engagement enabling leukocyte rolling, activation, and adhesion |url=|journal=PLOS Computational Biology |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=e1000681 |doi=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000681 |pmid=20174606 |pmc=2824748 |bibcode=2010PLSCB...6E0681T }}</ref> 和人类免疫系统<ref>{{cite book |last1=Castiglione |first1=Filippo |first2=Franco |last2=Celada |url=http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466597488 |title=Immune System Modeling and Simulation |publisher=CRC Press, Boca Raton |year=2015 |pages=274 |isbn=978-1-4665-9748-8}} | | <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tang |first1=Jonathan |last2=Hunt |first2=C. Anthony |year=2010 |title=Identifying the rules of engagement enabling leukocyte rolling, activation, and adhesion |url=|journal=PLOS Computational Biology |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=e1000681 |doi=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000681 |pmid=20174606 |pmc=2824748 |bibcode=2010PLSCB...6E0681T }}</ref> 和人类免疫系统<ref>{{cite book |last1=Castiglione |first1=Filippo |first2=Franco |last2=Celada |url=http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466597488 |title=Immune System Modeling and Simulation |publisher=CRC Press, Boca Raton |year=2015 |pages=274 |isbn=978-1-4665-9748-8}} |