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|description=美狄亚假说，反盖亚假说，物种灭绝，

|description=美狄亚假说，反盖亚假说，物种灭绝，

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'''<font color="#ff8000"> 美狄亚假说 Medea hypothesis</font>'''<ref>Peter Ward (2009), ''The Medea Hypothesis: Is Life on Earth Ultimately Self-Destructive?'', {{ISBN|0-691-13075-2}}</ref>是古生物学家'''彼得·沃德 Peter Ward'''为'''<font color="#ff8000">反盖亚假说 anti-Gaia hypothesis</font>'''创造的一个术语，该假说认为多细胞生命（也被理解为超有机体），具有自杀倾向。按照这种观点，微生物引发的大规模物种灭绝是试图使地球恢复到历史上大部分时间以微生物为主的状态。<ref>[https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20227131.400-gaias-evil-twin-is-life-its-own-worst-enemy.html Gaia's evil twin: Is life its own worst enemy?] The New Scientist. Volume 202, Issue 2713, 17 June 2009, pages 28–31 (Cover story)</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bennett|first=Drake|authorlink= |title=Dark green: A scientist argues that the natural world isn't benevolent and sustaining: it's bent on self-destruction|newspaper=Boston.com|publisher=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=2009-01-11|url=http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2009/01/11/dark_green/|format= |accessdate=2010-02-26}}</ref><ref name="Review">{{Cite web|last=Grey|first=William|authorlink= |title=Gaia theory&nbsp;– Reflections on life on earth|work=Australian Review of Public Affairs|publisher=[[University of Sydney]]|date=February 2010|url=http://www.australianreview.net/digest/2010/02/grey.html|accessdate=2010-02-26}}</ref>这个比喻指的是神话中的美狄亚（代表地球） ，她杀死了自己的孩子（代表多细胞生命）。

'''<font color="#ff8000"> 美狄亚假说 Medea hypothesis</font>'''<ref>Peter Ward (2009), ''The Medea Hypothesis: Is Life on Earth Ultimately Self-Destructive?''</ref>是古生物学家'''彼得·沃德 Peter Ward'''为'''<font color="#ff8000">反盖亚假说 anti-Gaia hypothesis</font>'''创造的一个术语，该假说认为多细胞生命（也被理解为超有机体），具有自杀倾向。按照这种观点，微生物引发的大规模物种灭绝是试图使地球恢复到历史上大部分时间以微生物为主的状态。<ref>[https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20227131.400-gaias-evil-twin-is-life-its-own-worst-enemy.html Gaia's evil twin: Is life its own worst enemy?] The New Scientist. Volume 202, Issue 2713, 17 June 2009, pages 28–31 (Cover story)</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bennett|first=Drake|authorlink= |title=Dark green: A scientist argues that the natural world isn't benevolent and sustaining: it's bent on self-destruction|newspaper=Boston.com|publisher=The Boston Globe|date=2009-01-11|url=http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2009/01/11/dark_green/|format= |accessdate=2010-02-26}}</ref><ref name="Review">{{Cite web|last=Grey|first=William|authorlink= |title=Gaia theory&nbsp;– Reflections on life on earth|work=Australian Review of Public Affairs|publisher=University of Sydney|date=February 2010|url=http://www.australianreview.net/digest/2010/02/grey.html|accessdate=2010-02-26}}</ref>这个比喻指的是神话中的美狄亚（代表地球） ，她杀死了自己的孩子（代表多细胞生命）。