更改

:::<math>\left( u \,\Delta M \right)_{\rm in} = \Delta U_{\rm system}</math>

:::<math>\left( u \,\Delta M \right)_{\rm in} = \Delta U_{\rm system}</math>

<math>\left( u \,\Delta M \right)_{\rm in} = \Delta U_{\rm system}</math>

:::<math>\left( u \,\Delta M \right)_{\rm in} = \Delta U_{\rm system}</math>

 

::where {{math|''u''}} denotes the internal energy per unit mass of the transferred matter, as measured while in the surroundings; and {{math|Δ''M''}} denotes the amount of transferred mass.

::where {{math|''u''}} denotes the internal energy per unit mass of the transferred matter, as measured while in the surroundings; and {{math|Δ''M''}} denotes the amount of transferred mass.

where denotes the internal energy per unit mass of the transferred matter, as measured while in the surroundings; and  denotes the amount of transferred mass.

::where {{math|''u''}} denotes the internal energy per unit mass of the transferred matter, as measured while in the surroundings; and  denotes the amount of transferred mass.

其中{{math|''u''}}表示在周围环境中测量的转移物质的单位质量的内能; {{math|Δ''M''}}表示被转移物质的数量。

::其中{{math|''u''}}表示在周围环境中测量的转移物质的单位质量的内能; {{math|Δ''M''}}表示被转移物质的数量。

* The flow of [[heat]] is a form of energy transfer.<br>

* The flow of [[heat]] is a form of energy transfer.<br>

热的流动是能量传递的一种形式。

* 热的流动是能量传递的一种形式。

::Heating is a natural process of moving energy to or from a system other than by work or the transfer of matter. Direct passage of heat is only from a hotter to a colder system.

::Heating is a natural process of moving energy to or from a system other than by work or the transfer of matter. Direct passage of heat is only from a hotter to a colder system.

Heating is a natural process of moving energy to or from a system other than by work or the transfer of matter. Direct passage of heat is only from a hotter to a colder system.

::Heating is a natural process of moving energy to or from a system other than by work or the transfer of matter. Direct passage of heat is only from a hotter to a colder system.

加热是一个将能量转移到系统中或从系统中转移出的自然过程，而不是通过做功或物质的转移。热量只能从较热的系统直接传递到较冷的系统。

::加热是一个将能量转移到系统中或从系统中转移出的自然过程，而不是通过做功或物质的转移。热量只能从较热的系统直接传递到较冷的系统。

:::If the system has rigid walls that are impermeable to matter, and consequently energy cannot be transferred as work into or out from the system, and no external long-range force field affects it that could change its internal energy, then the internal energy can only be changed by the transfer of energy as heat:

:::If the system has rigid walls that are impermeable to matter, and consequently energy cannot be transferred as work into or out from the system, and no external long-range force field affects it that could change its internal energy, then the internal energy can only be changed by the transfer of energy as heat:

If the system has rigid walls that are impermeable to matter, and consequently energy cannot be transferred as work into or out from the system, and no external long-range force field affects it that could change its internal energy, then the internal energy can only be changed by the transfer of energy as heat:

:::If the system has rigid walls that are impermeable to matter, and consequently energy cannot be transferred as work into or out from the system, and no external long-range force field affects it that could change its internal energy, then the internal energy can only be changed by the transfer of energy as heat:

如果系统具有不渗透物质的刚性壁，那么能量不能通过做功传入或传出系统，而且没有外部的远程力场影响系统以改变其内能，那么内能只能通过以热的形式进行传递来改变:

:::如果系统具有不渗透物质的刚性壁，那么能量不能通过做功传入或传出系统，而且没有外部的远程力场影响系统以改变其内能，那么内能只能通过以热的形式进行传递来改变:

:::<math>\Delta U_{\rm system}=Q</math>

:::<math>\Delta U_{\rm system}=Q</math>

<math>\Delta U_{\rm system}=Q</math>

:::<math>\Delta U_{\rm system}=Q</math>

where {{math|''Q''}} denotes the amount of energy transferred into the system as heat.

where {{math|''Q''}} denotes the amount of energy transferred into the system as heat.

其中{{math|''Q''}}表示以热量形式传递到系统中的能量。

 

其中 {{math|''Q''}}表示以热量形式传递到系统中的能量。