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第78行： − Every human being must learn a set of skills that is beneficial for the environments and communities they live in. Adaptive skills are stepping stones toward accessing and benefiting from local or remote communities. This means that, in urban environments, to go to the movies, a child will have to learn to navigate through the town or take the bus, read the movie schedule, and pay for the movie. Adaptive skills allow for safer exploration because they provide the learner with an increased awareness of his/her surroundings and of changes in context, that require new adaptive responses to meet the demands and dangers of that new context. Adaptive skills may generate more opportunities to engage in meaningful social interactions and acceptance. Adaptive skills are socially acceptable and desirable at any age and regardless of gender (with the exception of gender specific biological differences such as menstrual care skills, etc.) 第85行：
第84行： − − Adaptive skills encompass a range of daily situations and they usually start with a [[task analysis]]. The task analysis will reveal all the steps necessary to perform the task in the natural environment. The use of behavior analytic procedures has been documented, with children, adolescents and adults, under the guidance of behavior analysts<ref>[[Professional practice of behavior analysis]]</ref> and supervised behavioral technicians. The list of applications has a broad scope and it is in continuous expansion as more research is carried out in applied behavior analysis (see ''[[Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis]]'', ''[[The Analysis of Verbal Behavior]]''). − +
→适应技能 Adaptive skills
==适应技能 Adaptive skills==
==适应技能 Adaptive skills==
每个人都必须学习一套对他们所生活的环境和社区有益的技能。适应技能是得到认同和受益于当地或偏远社区的垫脚石。这意味着，在城市环境中，要想去看电影，孩子们必须学会在城市中导航或者乘坐公交车、阅读电影时间表、并且为电影付费。适应技能使学习者能够进行更安全的探索，因为它们使学习者更加了解他/她的环境及其变化，这需要新的适应性反应来满足新环境的要求、应对危险。适应技能可以创造更多的机会去参与有意义的社会互动和认同。适应技能在任何年龄都是被社会接受和需要的，与性别无关（除了性别特有的生理差异，如月经护理技能等）。
每个人都必须学习一套对他们所生活的环境和社区有益的技能。适应技能是得到认同和受益于当地或偏远社区的垫脚石。这意味着，在城市环境中，要想去看电影，孩子们必须学会在城市中导航或者乘坐公交车、阅读电影时间表、并且为电影付费。适应技能使学习者能够进行更安全的探索，因为它们使学习者更加了解他/她的环境及其变化，这需要新的适应性反应来满足新环境的要求、应对危险。适应技能可以创造更多的机会去参与有意义的社会互动和认同。适应技能在任何年龄都是被社会接受和需要的，与性别无关（除了性别特有的生理差异，如月经护理技能等）。
===学习适应技能 Learning adaptive skills===
===学习适应技能 Learning adaptive skills===
适应技能涉及一系列的日常情况，并且通常从任务分析开始。任务分析揭示了在自然环境中执行任务所需的所有步骤。在行为分析师和监督行为技术员的指导下，儿童，青少年和成年人的行为分析程序的使用情况已经被记录在案。任务分析的应用范围很广，而且随着[[应用行为分析 Professional practice of behavior analysis]]研究的不断深入，其应用范围仍在不断扩大。
适应技能涉及一系列的日常情况，并且通常从任务分析开始。任务分析揭示了在自然环境中执行任务所需的所有步骤。在行为分析师和监督行为技术员的指导下，儿童，青少年和成年人的行为分析程序的使用情况已经被记录在案。任务分析的应用范围很广，而且随着[[应用行为分析 Professional practice of behavior analysis]]研究的不断深入，其应用范围仍在不断扩大。
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==拓扑理论 Practopoietic theory ==
==拓扑理论 Practopoietic theory ==