更改

在这一模式中，最终会达到一个临界值，即挑战者的网络效应支配了原在位者的网络效应，在位者被迫加速衰落，挑战者逐渐取代原在位者的地位。<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wolf |first1=James R. |last2=Portegys |first2=Thomas E. |date=September 2007 |title=Technology Adoption in the Presence of Network Externalities: A Web-Based Classroom Game |journal=INFORMS Transactions on Education |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |doi=10.1287/ited.8.1.49 |s2cid=8736463 |issn=1532-0545}}</ref>

在这一模式中，最终会达到一个临界值，即挑战者的网络效应支配了原在位者的网络效应，在位者被迫加速衰落，挑战者逐渐取代原在位者的地位。<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wolf |first1=James R. |last2=Portegys |first2=Thomas E. |date=September 2007 |title=Technology Adoption in the Presence of Network Externalities: A Web-Based Classroom Game |journal=INFORMS Transactions on Education |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=49–54 |doi=10.1287/ited.8.1.49 |issn=1532-0545}}</ref>

拥堵是随着使用网络的人越来越多导致网络的效率降低，同时降低了已经使用网络的人的价值。交通拥堵、网络带宽有限，都表现出负的网络外部性。<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Mengyuan|last2=Yang|first2=Lei|last3=Gong|first3=Xiaowen|last4=He|first4=Shibo|last5=Zhang|first5=Junshan|date=August 2018|title=Wireless Service Pricing Competition Under Network Effect, Congestion Effect, and Bounded Rationality|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8331097|journal=IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology|volume=67|issue=8|pages=7497–7507|doi=10.1109/TVT.2018.2822843|s2cid=52003270|issn=0018-9545}}</ref>

拥堵是随着使用网络的人越来越多导致网络的效率降低，同时降低了已经使用网络的人的价值。交通拥堵、网络带宽有限，都表现出负的网络外部性。<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Mengyuan|last2=Yang|first2=Lei|last3=Gong|first3=Xiaowen|last4=He|first4=Shibo|last5=Zhang|first5=Junshan|date=August 2018|title=Wireless Service Pricing Competition Under Network Effect, Congestion Effect, and Bounded Rationality|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8331097|journal=IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology|volume=67|issue=8|pages=7497–7507|doi=10.1109/TVT.2018.2822843|issn=0018-9545}}</ref>

社交网站就是很好的例子。在社交网站上注册的人越多，网站对其注册者越有用。<ref>{{cite journal|last=Belvaux|first=Bertrand|title=The Development of Social Media: Proposal for a Diffusion Model Incorporating Network Externalities in a Competitive Environment|journal=Recherche et Applications en Marketing - English Version|year=2011|volume=26|issue=3|pages=7–22|doi=10.1177/205157071102600301|s2cid=168202506}}</ref>

社交网站就是很好的例子。在社交网站上注册的人越多，网站对其注册者越有用。<ref>{{cite journal|last=Belvaux|first=Bertrand|title=The Development of Social Media: Proposal for a Diffusion Model Incorporating Network Externalities in a Competitive Environment|journal=Recherche et Applications en Marketing - English Version|year=2011|volume=26|issue=3|pages=7–22|doi=10.1177/205157071102600301}}</ref>