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In order that a system may be in its own internal state of thermodynamic equilibrium, it is of course necessary, but not sufficient, that it be in its own internal state of thermal equilibrium; it is possible for a system to reach internal mechanical equilibrium before it reaches internal thermal equilibrium.<ref name="Fitts 43"/>

In order that a system may be in its own internal state of thermodynamic equilibrium, it is of course necessary, but not sufficient, that it be in its own internal state of thermal equilibrium; it is possible for a system to reach internal mechanical equilibrium before it reaches internal thermal equilibrium.<ref name="Fitts 43"/>

为了使一个系统处于它自己的内部热力学平衡状态，它必须处于它自己的内部热平衡状态当然是必要不充分的; 一个系统在到达内部热平衡之前到达内部机械平衡是可能的。

为了使一个系统处于它自己的内部热力学平衡状态，它必须处于它自己的内部热平衡状态是必要不充分的; 一个系统在到达内部热平衡之前到达内部机械平衡是可能的。

As noted above, J.R. Partington points out that a state of thermodynamic equilibrium is stable against small transient perturbations. Without this condition, in general, experiments intended to study systems in thermodynamic equilibrium are in severe difficulties.

As noted above, J.R. Partington points out that a state of thermodynamic equilibrium is stable against small transient perturbations. Without this condition, in general, experiments intended to study systems in thermodynamic equilibrium are in severe difficulties.