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→Conceptual history until the 1960s: biology
<!-- 本节链接自私的基因 -->
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== Conceptual history until the 1960s: biology ==
== 20世纪60年代以前的概念演变史：生物学 Conceptual history until the 1960s: biology ==
=== Panspermia ===
=== 泛种论 Panspermia ===
泛种论
泛种论
{{Main|Panspermia}}
{{Main|Panspermia}}
Panspermia is the [[hypothesis]] that [[life]] exists throughout the [[universe]], distributed by [[meteoroids]], [[asteroids]], [[comets]]<ref name="cometary panspermia">
Panspermia is the [[hypothesis]] that [[life]] exists throughout the [[universe]], distributed by [[meteoroids]], [[asteroids]], [[comets]]<ref name="cometary panspermia">
泛种论是一种假说，即生命存在于整个宇宙，由流星体、小行星、彗星和行星分布。
泛种论是一种假说，即生命存在于整个宇宙，由流星体、小行星、彗星和行星分布。<ref name="cometary panspermia">
The panspermia hypothesis does not attempt to explain how life first originated but merely shifts the origin to another planet or a comet. The advantage of an extraterrestrial origin of primitive life is that life is not required to have formed on each planet it occurs on, but rather in a single location, and then spread about the [[galaxy]] to other star systems via cometary and/or meteorite impact.<ref name="NYT-20160912">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Visions of Life on Mars in Earth's Depths |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/13/science/south-african-mine-life-on-mars.html |date=12 September 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=12 September 2016 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912225220/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/13/science/south-african-mine-life-on-mars.html |archivedate=12 September 2016}}</ref>
The panspermia hypothesis does not attempt to explain how life first originated but merely shifts the origin to another planet or a comet. The advantage of an extraterrestrial origin of primitive life is that life is not required to have formed on each planet it occurs on, but rather in a single location, and then spread about the [[galaxy]] to other star systems via cometary and/or meteorite impact.<ref name="NYT-20160912">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Visions of Life on Mars in Earth's Depths |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/13/science/south-african-mine-life-on-mars.html |date=12 September 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=12 September 2016 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912225220/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/13/science/south-african-mine-life-on-mars.html |archivedate=12 September 2016}}</ref>