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第153行：
第153行： − + − + − ''"自然界中发生的任一过程都是沿参与其中的所有物体的熵之和增加的方向进行的。在极限情况中，即对于可逆过程，熵的总和保持不变。<ref name="Planck 100">Max Planck (1897/1903), p. 100.</ref><ref name="Planck 463">Max Planck (1926), p. 463, translation by Uffink, J. (2003), p. 131.</ref><ref name="Roberts & Miller 382">Roberts, J.K., Miller, A.R. (1928/1960), p. 382. This source is partly verbatim from Planck's statement, but does not cite Planck. This source calls the statement the principle of the increase of entropy.</ref>"'' 第162行：
第161行： − + − + − ''"…在从一个平衡态到另一个平衡态的不可逆或自发的变化中（例如，当两个物体 A 和 B 接触时的温度平衡过程），熵总是增加。<ref>George Uhlenbeck|Uhlenbeck, G.E., Ford, G.W. (1963), p. 16.</ref>"'' −
→普朗克表述 Planck's statement
''"::Every process occurring in nature proceeds in the sense in which the sum of the entropies of all bodies taking part in the process is increased. In the limit, i.e. for reversible processes, the sum of the entropies remains unchanged.<ref name="Planck 100">Max Planck (1897/1903), p. 100.</ref><ref name="Planck 463">Max Planck (1926), p. 463, translation by Uffink, J. (2003), p. 131.</ref><ref name="Roberts & Miller 382">Roberts, J.K., Miller, A.R. (1928/1960), p. 382. This source is partly verbatim from Planck's statement, but does not cite Planck. This source calls the statement the principle of the increase of entropy.</ref>"
:''"Every process occurring in nature proceeds in the sense in which the sum of the entropies of all bodies taking part in the process is increased. In the limit, i.e. for reversible processes, the sum of the entropies remains unchanged.<ref name="Planck 100">Max Planck (1897/1903), p. 100.</ref><ref name="Planck 463">Max Planck (1926), p. 463, translation by Uffink, J. (2003), p. 131.</ref><ref name="Roberts & Miller 382">Roberts, J.K., Miller, A.R. (1928/1960), p. 382. This source is partly verbatim from Planck's statement, but does not cite Planck. This source calls the statement the principle of the increase of entropy.</ref>"
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:"自然界中发生的任一过程都是沿参与其中的所有物体的熵之和增加的方向进行的。在极限情况中，即对于可逆过程，熵的总和保持不变。<ref name="Planck 100">Max Planck (1897/1903), p. 100.</ref><ref name="Planck 463">Max Planck (1926), p. 463, translation by Uffink, J. (2003), p. 131.</ref><ref name="Roberts & Miller 382">Roberts, J.K., Miller, A.R. (1928/1960), p. 382. This source is partly verbatim from Planck's statement, but does not cite Planck. This source calls the statement the principle of the increase of entropy.</ref>"
''"::... in an irreversible or spontaneous change from one equilibrium state to another (as for example the equalization of temperature of two bodies A and B, when brought in contact) the entropy always increases.<ref>George Uhlenbeck, Ford, G.W. (1963), p. 16.</ref>"
:''"... in an irreversible or spontaneous change from one equilibrium state to another (as for example the equalization of temperature of two bodies A and B, when brought in contact) the entropy always increases.<ref>George Uhlenbeck, Ford, G.W. (1963), p. 16.</ref>"
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:"…在从一个平衡态到另一个平衡态的不可逆或自发的变化中（例如，当两个物体 A 和 B 接触时的温度平衡过程），熵总是增加。<ref>George Uhlenbeck|Uhlenbeck, G.E., Ford, G.W. (1963), p. 16.</ref>"''
===卡拉西奥多里原理 Principle of Carathéodory ===
===卡拉西奥多里原理 Principle of Carathéodory ===