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=== Robert G. B. Reid ===

===罗伯特·G·B·雷德 Robert G. B. Reid ===

Emergent evolution was revived by Robert G. B. Reid (March 20, 1939 - May 28, 2016), a biology professor at the University of Victoria (in British Columbia, Canada). In his book Evolutionary Theory: The Unfinished Synthesis (1985), he stated that the modern evolutionary synthesis with its emphasis on natural selection is an incomplete picture of evolution, and emergent evolution can explain the origin of genetic variation. Biologist Ernst Mayr heavily criticized the book claiming it was a misinformed attack on natural selection. Mayr commented that Reid was working from an "obsolete conceptual framework", provided no solid evidence and that he was arguing for a teleological process of evolution.

Emergent evolution was revived by Robert G. B. Reid (March 20, 1939 - May 28, 2016), a biology professor at the University of Victoria (in British Columbia, Canada). In his book Evolutionary Theory: The Unfinished Synthesis (1985), he stated that the modern evolutionary synthesis with its emphasis on natural selection is an incomplete picture of evolution, and emergent evolution can explain the origin of genetic variation. Biologist Ernst Mayr heavily criticized the book claiming it was a misinformed attack on natural selection. Mayr commented that Reid was working from an "obsolete conceptual framework", provided no solid evidence and that he was arguing for a teleological process of evolution.

涌现进化论是由 Robert G. B. Reid（1939年3月20日-2016年5月28日）恢复的，他是维多利亚大学（位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省）的生物学教授。在他的著作《进化论：未竟的综合 The Unfinished Synthesis》 (1985), 他宣称现代进化论总论的重点在于自然选择，这是进化论不完全的图景，涌现进化可以解释遗传变异的原因。生物学家 恩斯特·迈尔 Ernst Mayr 严厉批评了这本书，称这是对自然选择的错误攻击。Mayr 评论说，Reid 从一个 "过时的概念框架" 出发，没有提供任何可靠的证据，而且他主张的是一种心智学的进化过程。

涌现进化论是由<font color="#ff8000">'''罗伯特·G·B·雷德 Robert G. B. Reid'''</font>（1939年3月20日-2016年5月28日）复兴的，他是维多利亚大学（位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省）的生物学教授。在他的著作《进化论：未竟的综合 Evolutionary Theory: The Unfinished Synthesis》 (1985), 他宣称现代进化论的重点在于自然选择，但这不是进化论完全的图景。涌现进化可以解释遗传变异的原因。生物学家 <font color="#ff8000">'''恩斯特·迈尔 Ernst Mayr'''</font> 严厉批评了这本书，称这是对自然选择的错误攻击。迈尔评论说，雷德从一个 "过时的概念框架" 出发，没有提供任何可靠的证据，而且他主张的是一种心智学的进化过程。

Reid later published the book Biological Emergences (2007) with a theory on how emergent novelties are generated in evolution. According to Massimo Pigliucci "Biological Emergences by Robert Reid is an interesting contribution to the ongoing debate on the status of evolutionary theory, but it is hard to separate the good stuff from the more dubious claims." Pigliucci noted a dubious claim in the book is that natural selection has no role in evolution. It was positively reviewed by biologist Alexander Badyaev who commented that "the book succeeds in drawing attention to an under appreciated aspect of the evolutionary process". Others have criticized Reid's unorthodox views on emergence and evolution. Biologist Samuel Scheiner stated that Reid's "presentation is both a caricature of evolutionary theory and severely out of date."

Reid later published the book Biological Emergences (2007) with a theory on how emergent novelties are generated in evolution. According to Massimo Pigliucci "Biological Emergences by Robert Reid is an interesting contribution to the ongoing debate on the status of evolutionary theory, but it is hard to separate the good stuff from the more dubious claims." Pigliucci noted a dubious claim in the book is that natural selection has no role in evolution. It was positively reviewed by biologist Alexander Badyaev who commented that "the book succeeds in drawing attention to an under appreciated aspect of the evolutionary process". Others have criticized Reid's unorthodox views on emergence and evolution. Biologist Samuel Scheiner stated that Reid's "presentation is both a caricature of evolutionary theory and severely out of date."

Reid 后来出版了《生物学的涌现 Biological Emergences》（2007年）一书，提出了关于在进化中如何产生涌现新事物的理论。马西莫·皮格利乌奇 Massimo Pigliucci 认为："Robert Reid 所著的《生物学的涌现》是对正在进行的关于进化论地位的争论的一个有趣的贡献，但很难把好的东西和比较可疑的说法分开。" Pigliucci 指出，书中一个可疑的说法是，自然选择在进化中没有作用。生物学家亚历山大·巴佳耶夫 Alexander Badyaev 对该书进行了积极的评论，他评论说 "这本书成功地引起了人们对进化过程中一个未被充分认识的方面的关注"。其他人则批评了 Reid 关于涌现和进化的非正统观点。生物学家 塞缪尔·谢纳 Samuel Scheiner 说 "Reid 的表述既是对进化论的讽刺，又严重过时"。

雷德后来出版了<font color="#ff8000">'''《生物学的涌现 Biological Emergences》'''</font>（2007年）一书，提出了关于在进化中如何产生涌现新事物的理论。<font color="#ff8000">'''马西莫·皮格利乌奇 Massimo Pigliucci'''</font>认为："雷德所著的《生物学的涌现》是对正在进行的关于进化论地位的争论的一个有趣的贡献，但很难把书中好的东西和比较可疑的说法分开。" 皮格利乌奇指出，书中一个可疑的说法是，自然选择在进化中没有作用。生物学家<font color="#ff8000">'''亚历山大·巴佳耶夫 Alexander Badyaev'''</font>对该书进行了积极的评论，他评论说 "这本书成功地引起了人们对进化过程中一个未被充分认识的方面的关注"。其他人则批评了雷德关于涌现和进化的非正统观点。生物学家 <font color="#ff8000">'''塞缪尔·谢纳 Samuel Scheiner '''</font>说 "雷德的表述既是对进化论的讽刺，又严重过时"。

==See also==

==See also==