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第116行：
第116行： − 《道德经》作者或编者的身份一直是人们争论的焦点。人们一般认为，老子就是《道德经》的作者。《道德经》中国宇宙起源论中最重要的论文之一。老子和大多数中国古代哲学家一样，常常运用悖论、反讽、类比、用典、反复、对仗、重章叠韵、音韵和谐等方式来阐释自己的思想。事实上，《道德经》整本书都可以看作是一个类比——在冥想中，统治者是读者的意识或自我，而无数的生物或帝国则是对身体、感官和欲望的体验。+ 第147行：
第147行： − + + +
→道德经
Laozi is traditionally regarded as the author of the Tao Te Ching (Daodejing), though the identity of its author(s) or compiler(s) has been debated throughout history. It is one of the most significant treatises in Chinese cosmogony. As with most other ancient Chinese philosophers, Laozi often explains his ideas by way of paradox, analogy, appropriation of ancient sayings, repetition, symmetry, rhyme, and rhythm. In fact, the whole book can be read as an analogy – the ruler is the awareness, or self, in meditation and the myriad creatures or empire is the experience of the body, senses and desires.
Laozi is traditionally regarded as the author of the Tao Te Ching (Daodejing), though the identity of its author(s) or compiler(s) has been debated throughout history. It is one of the most significant treatises in Chinese cosmogony. As with most other ancient Chinese philosophers, Laozi often explains his ideas by way of paradox, analogy, appropriation of ancient sayings, repetition, symmetry, rhyme, and rhythm. In fact, the whole book can be read as an analogy – the ruler is the awareness, or self, in meditation and the myriad creatures or empire is the experience of the body, senses and desires.
《道德经》作者或编者的身份一直是人们争论的焦点。传统观点认为，老子就是《道德经》的作者。《道德经》中国宇宙起源论中最重要的论文之一。老子和大多数中国古代哲学家一样，常常运用悖论、反讽、类比、用典、反复、对仗、重章叠韵、音韵和谐等方式来阐释自己的思想。事实上，《道德经》整本书都可以看作是一个类比——在冥想中，统治者是读者的意识或自我，而无数的生物或帝国则是对身体、感官和欲望的体验。
{{Main|Tao Te Ching|Tao|Wu wei}}
{{Main|Tao Te Ching|Tao|Wu wei}}
Political theorists influenced by Laozi have advocated humility in leadership and a restrained approach to statecraft, either for ethical and pacifist reasons, or for tactical ends. In a different context, various anti-authoritarian movements have embraced the Laozi teachings on the power of the weak.
Political theorists influenced by Laozi have advocated humility in leadership and a restrained approach to statecraft, either for ethical and pacifist reasons, or for tactical ends. In a different context, various anti-authoritarian movements have embraced the Laozi teachings on the power of the weak.
--[[用户:CecileLi|CecileLi]]([[用户讨论:CecileLi|讨论]]) 【审校】缺失翻译
--[[用户:CecileLi|CecileLi]]([[用户讨论:CecileLi|讨论]]) 【审校】缺失翻译 补充：无为是一个用来解释“自然”或“与道和谐”的概念。它包含价值差异是意识形态的，并将各种野心视为同一来源的概念。老子广泛地使用这个词，把朴素和谦逊作为主要美德，并常常把它们与自私的行为形成对比。在政治层面上，这意味着统治者要避免战争、实行轻徭薄赋等政策。一些道家学者认为，无为与深奥的行为有联系，如《庄子》中的左王“坐忘”（清空身体意识和思想的心灵）。
中国历史上，有一些才华横溢但淡泊名利的君子，秉持非儒家圣人，尤其是老子和庄子的思想以及权威，拒绝在任何时候为任何统治者服务。庄子是老子最著名的传人，他对中国的文学和文化产生了很大的影响。老子通过他的修身养性和对心灵的理解影响了千百万中国人，而庄子以无为、无言说服了人们。
老子提倡的或受老子思想的影响政治策略，无论是出于伦理和和平主义的原因，还是出于战术目的，都提倡统治者和领导人的谦逊，以及无为的治国方略。在历代各种反独裁运动中，其指导思想都受到了老子关于弱者力量的教导的影响。
===道教===
===道教===