更改

* ''Systems ecology can be defined as the approach to the study of ecology of organisms using the techniques and philosophy of systems analysis: that is, the methods and tools developed, largely in engineering, for studying, characterizing and making predictions about complex entities, that is, systems.''

* ''Systems ecology can be defined as the approach to the study of ecology of organisms using the techniques and philosophy of systems analysis: that is, the methods and tools developed, largely in engineering, for studying, characterizing and making predictions about complex entities, that is, systems.''

''系统生态学可以被定义为使用系统分析的技术和哲学研究生物体生态学的方法: 也就是说，方法和工具的开发，主要是在工程，研究，表征和预测复杂的实体，也就是系统。''

:''系统生态学可以被定义为使用系统分析的技术和哲学研究生物体生态学的方法: 也就是说，方法和工具的开发，主要是在工程，研究，表征和预测复杂的实体，也就是系统。''

* ''In any study of an ecological system, an essential early procedure is to draw a diagram of the system of interest ... diagrams indicate the system's '''boundaries''' by a solid line. Within these boundaries, series of components are isolated which have been chosen to represent that portion of the world in which the systems analyst is interested ... If there are no connections across the systems' boundaries with the surrounding '''systems environments''', the systems are described as ''closed''. Ecological work, however, deals almost exclusively with ''open'' systems.''

* ''In any study of an ecological system, an essential early procedure is to draw a diagram of the system of interest ... diagrams indicate the system's '''boundaries''' by a solid line. Within these boundaries, series of components are isolated which have been chosen to represent that portion of the world in which the systems analyst is interested ... If there are no connections across the systems' boundaries with the surrounding '''systems environments''', the systems are described as ''closed''. Ecological work, however, deals almost exclusively with ''open'' systems.''

''在任何一个生态系统的研究中，一个基本的早期步骤是绘制一个关注系统的图表... 图表用实线表示系统的边界。在这些边界内，一系列的组件被隔离，这些组件被选择来代表系统分析师感兴趣的那部分世界...如果系统的边界与周围的'''系统环境'''之间没有连接，那么系统就被描述为封闭的。然而，生态学工作几乎只涉及开放系统。''<ref>{{cite book |title=Systems ecology : an introduction to ecological modelling|last=Kitching, R. L. (Roger Laurence), 1945-|publisher=University of Queensland Press|page=11|date=1983|isbn=0-7022-1813-8|oclc=8845946}}</ref>

:''在任何一个生态系统的研究中，一个基本的早期步骤是绘制一个关注系统的图表... 图表用实线表示系统的边界。在这些边界内，一系列的组件被隔离，这些组件被选择来代表系统分析师感兴趣的那部分世界...如果系统的边界与周围的'''系统环境'''之间没有连接，那么系统就被描述为封闭的。然而，生态学工作几乎只涉及开放系统。''<ref>{{cite book |title=Systems ecology : an introduction to ecological modelling|last=Kitching, R. L. (Roger Laurence), 1945-|publisher=University of Queensland Press|page=11|date=1983|isbn=0-7022-1813-8|oclc=8845946}}</ref>

原理中的第四条，'''<font color="#ff8000">最大功率效率原理 Principle of Maximum Power Efficiency</font>'''，在生态系统的分析和综合的过程中中占据中心地位。第四项原理认为，当环境负荷与系统内部阻力相匹配时，系统功能将发生于进化最有利的改变。环境负荷与内阻的匹配性越差，系统离可持续稳定状态越远。因此，系统生态学家像电子工程师一样，在生态工程中从事匹配电阻和阻抗的工作。

原理中的第四条，'''<font color="#ff8000">最大功率效率原理 Principle of Maximum Power Efficiency</font>'''，在生态系统的分析和综合的过程中中占据中心地位。第四项原理认为，当环境负荷与系统内部阻力相匹配时，系统功能将发生于进化最有利的改变。环境负荷与内阻的匹配性越差，系统离可持续稳定状态越远。因此，系统生态学家像电子工程师一样，在生态工程中从事匹配电阻和阻抗的工作。

==密切相关的领域==

==密切相关的领域==