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'''<font color="#ff8000"> 查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文Charles Robert Darwin </font>'''（/ ˈdɑːrwɪn /; 1809年2月12日至1882年4月19日）是英国博物学家，地质学家和生物学家。他因其对进化科学的贡献而闻名。他认为，所有的生命物种都拥有着'''<font color="#ff8000"> 共同祖先Common ancestors</font>'''，只是随着时间的流失不停地进化而来。现在该假设已被广泛接受，并被认为是科学的理论基础。在与阿尔弗雷德·罗素·华莱士Alfred Russel Wallace的联合出版物中，他详细介绍了他的科学理论，即这种进化的分支模式是由他称为'''<font color="#ff8000"> 自然选择Natural selection</font>'''的过程产生的。在这种过程中，为生存而进行的斗争与参与'''<font color="#ff8000"> 选择性育种Selective breeding</font>'''的人工选择具有相似的作用。达尔文被描述为人类历史上最有影响力的人物之一，他因在威斯敏斯特大教堂的葬礼而倍感荣幸。

'''<font color="#ff8000"> 查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文Charles Robert Darwin </font>'''（/ ˈdɑːrwɪn /; 1809年2月12日至1882年4月19日）是英国博物学家，地质学家和生物学家。他因其对进化科学的贡献而闻名。他认为，所有的生命物种都拥有着'''<font color="#ff8000"> 共同祖先Common ancestors</font>'''，只是随着时间的流失不停地进化而来。现在该假设已被广泛接受，并被认为是科学的理论基础。在与阿尔弗雷德·罗素·华莱士Alfred Russel Wallace的联合出版物中，他详细介绍了他的科学理论，即这种进化的分支模式是由他称为'''<font color="#ff8000"> 自然选择Natural selection</font>'''的过程产生的。在这种过程中，为生存而进行的斗争与参与'''<font color="#ff8000"> 选择性育种Selective breeding</font>'''的人工选择具有相似的作用。达尔文被描述为人类历史上最有影响力的人物之一，他因在威斯敏斯特大教堂的葬礼而倍感荣幸。

 

Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book ''[[On the Origin of Species]]''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Why Evolution is True |last=Coyne |first=Jerry A. |authorlink=Jerry Coyne |year=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-923084-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780199230846/page/17 17] |quote=In ''The Origin'', Darwin provided an alternative hypothesis for the development, diversification, and design of life. Much of that book presents evidence that not only supports evolution but at the same time refutes creationism. In Darwin's day, the evidence for his theories was compelling but not completely decisive. |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780199230846/page/17 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Forerunners of Darwin |last=Glass |first=Bentley |authorlink=Bentley Glass |year=1959 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore, MD |isbn= 978-0-8018-0222-5|page=iv |quote=Darwin's solution is a magnificent synthesis of evidence...a synthesis...compelling in honesty and comprehensiveness}}</ref> By the 1870s, the scientific community and a majority of the educated public had accepted [[evolution as fact and theory|evolution as a fact]]. However, many favoured [[The eclipse of Darwinism|competing explanations]] which gave only a minor role to natural selection, and it was not until the emergence of the [[modern synthesis (20th century)|modern evolutionary synthesis]] from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution.<ref name=JvW>{{Harvnb|van Wyhe|2008}}</ref><ref name=b3847>{{harvnb|Bowler|2003|pp=178–179, 338, 347}}</ref> Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the [[life sciences]], explaining the [[diversity of life]].<ref>[http://darwin-online.org.uk/biography.html The Complete Works of Darwin Online&nbsp;– Biography.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107165048/http://darwin-online.org.uk/biography.html |date=7 January 2007 }} ''darwin-online.org.uk''. Retrieved 2006-12-15<br />{{Harvnb|Dobzhansky|1973}}</ref><ref>As Darwinian scholar Joseph Carroll of the University of Missouri–St. Louis puts it in his introduction to a modern reprint of Darwin's work: "''The Origin of Species'' has special claims on our attention. It is one of the two or three most significant works of all time—one of those works that fundamentally and permanently alter our vision of the world...It is argued with a singularly rigorous consistency but it is also eloquent, imaginatively evocative, and rhetorically compelling." {{cite book |title=On the origin of species by means of natural selection |editor=Carroll, Joseph |year=2003 |publisher=Broadview |location= Peterborough, Ontario|isbn= 978-1-55111-337-1|page=15 |url= }}</ref>

Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book ''[[On the Origin of Species]]''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Why Evolution is True |last=Coyne |first=Jerry A. |authorlink=Jerry Coyne |year=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-923084-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780199230846/page/17 17] |quote=In ''The Origin'', Darwin provided an alternative hypothesis for the development, diversification, and design of life. Much of that book presents evidence that not only supports evolution but at the same time refutes creationism. In Darwin's day, the evidence for his theories was compelling but not completely decisive. |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780199230846/page/17 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Forerunners of Darwin |last=Glass |first=Bentley |authorlink=Bentley Glass |year=1959 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore, MD |isbn= 978-0-8018-0222-5|page=iv |quote=Darwin's solution is a magnificent synthesis of evidence...a synthesis...compelling in honesty and comprehensiveness}}</ref> By the 1870s, the scientific community and a majority of the educated public had accepted [[evolution as fact and theory|evolution as a fact]]. However, many favoured [[The eclipse of Darwinism|competing explanations]] which gave only a minor role to natural selection, and it was not until the emergence of the [[modern synthesis (20th century)|modern evolutionary synthesis]] from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution.<ref name=JvW>{{Harvnb|van Wyhe|2008}}</ref><ref name=b3847>{{harvnb|Bowler|2003|pp=178–179, 338, 347}}</ref> Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the [[life sciences]], explaining the [[diversity of life]].<ref>[http://darwin-online.org.uk/biography.html The Complete Works of Darwin Online&nbsp;– Biography.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107165048/http://darwin-online.org.uk/biography.html |date=7 January 2007 }} ''darwin-online.org.uk''. Retrieved 2006-12-15<br />{{Harvnb|Dobzhansky|1973}}</ref><ref>As Darwinian scholar Joseph Carroll of the University of Missouri–St. Louis puts it in his introduction to a modern reprint of Darwin's work: "''The Origin of Species'' has special claims on our attention. It is one of the two or three most significant works of all time—one of those works that fundamentally and permanently alter our vision of the world...It is argued with a singularly rigorous consistency but it is also eloquent, imaginatively evocative, and rhetorically compelling." {{cite book |title=On the origin of species by means of natural selection |editor=Carroll, Joseph |year=2003 |publisher=Broadview |location= Peterborough, Ontario|isbn= 978-1-55111-337-1|page=15 |url= }}</ref>