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第29行： − − The use of nodes and arrows to construct directed graph models of cause and effect dates back to the invention of path analysis by Sewall Wright in 1918, long before System Dynamics. Due to the limitations of genetic data, however, these early causal graphs contained no loops — they were directed acyclic graphs. The first formal use of Causal Loop Diagrams was explained by Dr. Dennis Meadows at a conference for educators (Systems Thinking & Dynamic Modeling Conference for K-12 Education in New Hampshire sponsored by Creative Learning Exchange ). − − − − Meadows explained that when he and others were working on the World3 model (circa 1970–72), they realized they would not be able to use the computer output to explain how the feedback loops worked in their model when presenting their results to others. They decided to show feedback loops (without the stocks, flows and every variable), using arrows connecting the names of major model components in the feedback loops. This may have been the first formal use of Causal Loop Diagrams. − −
→历史
==历史==
==历史==
使用节点和箭头构造因果有向图模型的历史可以追溯到Sewall-Wright在1918年提出的路径分析，比[[系统动力学]]早很多。然而，由于遗传数据的限制，这些早期的因果图不包含回路——它们是有向无环图。Dennis Meadows博士在一次教育工作者会议上解释了因果回路图，这是因果回路图的第一次正式使用。<ref>http://www.clexchange.org/</ref>).
使用节点和箭头构造因果有向图模型的历史可以追溯到Sewall-Wright在1918年提出的路径分析，比[[系统动力学]]早很多。然而，由于遗传数据的限制，这些早期的因果图不包含回路——它们是有向无环图。Dennis Meadows博士在一次教育工作者会议上解释了因果回路图，这是因果回路图的第一次正式使用。<ref>http://www.clexchange.org/</ref>).
Meadows 解释说，当他和其他人在研究 World3模型(大约在1970-1972年)时，他们意识到在向他人展示结果时，他们无法使用计算机输出来解释反馈回路在模型中的工作方式。他们决定通过用箭头连接反馈循环中主要模型组件的名称来展示反馈循环（不包括库存、流量和每个变量）。这可能是第一次正式使用因果回路图。<ref>Anecdote by Richard Turnock attending informal discussion where Dennis Meadows explained origin of CLD</ref>
Meadows 解释说，当他和其他人在研究 World3模型(大约在1970-1972年)时，他们意识到在向他人展示结果时，他们无法使用计算机输出来解释反馈回路在模型中的工作方式。他们决定通过用箭头连接反馈循环中主要模型组件的名称来展示反馈循环（不包括库存、流量和每个变量）。这可能是第一次正式使用因果回路图。<ref>Anecdote by Richard Turnock attending informal discussion where Dennis Meadows explained origin of CLD</ref>
==正向和负向的因果链接==
==正向和负向的因果链接==