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→Wave superposition
==Wave superposition==
==Wave superposition波叠加==
{{further|Wave|Wave equation}}
{{further|Wave|Wave equation}}
{{进一步|波动|波动方程}}
[[File:Standing wave 2.gif|thumb|right|Two waves traveling in opposite directions across the same medium combine linearly. In this animation, both waves have the same wavelength and the sum of amplitudes results in a [[standing wave]].]] <!-- same as below ! -->
[[File:Standing wave 2.gif|thumb|right|Two waves traveling in opposite directions across the same medium combine linearly. In this animation, both waves have the same wavelength and the sum of amplitudes results in a [[standing wave]].]] <!-- same as below ! -->
[[文件：驻波2.gif |拇指|右|在同一介质中以相反方向传播的两个波线性组合。在这个动画中，两个波的波长相同，振幅之和产生[[驻波]].]] <！--见下文！-->
Two waves traveling in opposite directions across the same medium combine linearly. In this animation, both waves have the same wavelength and the sum of amplitudes results in a [[standing wave.]] <!-- same as below ! -->
Two waves traveling in opposite directions across the same medium combine linearly. In this animation, both waves have the same wavelength and the sum of amplitudes results in a [[standing wave.]] <!-- same as below ! -->
在同一介质中以相反方向运动的两个波线性结合。在这个动画中，两个波具有相同的波长，并且振幅之和导致了[[驻波. ]]< ! -- 和下面一样！-->
在同一介质中以相反方向运动的两个波线性结合。在这个动画中，两个波具有相同的波长，并且振幅之和导致了[[驻波. ]]< ! -- 见下文！-->
[[File:Standing_waves1.gif|thumb|two waves permeate without influencing each other]]
[[File:Standing_waves1.gif|thumb|two waves permeate without influencing each other]]
[[文件：Standing_waves1.gif|拇指|两波互不影响]]
two waves permeate without influencing each other
two waves permeate without influencing each other
Waves are usually described by variations in some parameter through space and time—for example, height in a water wave, [[pressure]] in a sound wave, or the [[electromagnetic field]] in a light wave. The value of this parameter is called the [[amplitude]] of the wave, and the wave itself is a [[function (mathematics)|function]] specifying the amplitude at each point.
Waves are usually described by variations in some parameter through space and time—for example, height in a water wave, [[pressure]] in a sound wave, or the [[electromagnetic field]] in a light wave. The value of this parameter is called the [[amplitude]] of the wave, and the wave itself is a [[function (mathematics)|function]] specifying the amplitude at each point.
波通常由一些参数在空间和时间上的变化来描述，例如，水波中的高度、声波中的[[压力]]或光波中的[[电磁场]]。此参数的值称为波的[[振幅]]，波本身是一个指定每个点振幅的[[函数（数学）|函数]]。
Waves are usually described by variations in some parameter through space and time—for example, height in a water wave, pressure in a sound wave, or the electromagnetic field in a light wave. The value of this parameter is called the amplitude of the wave, and the wave itself is a function specifying the amplitude at each point.
Waves are usually described by variations in some parameter through space and time—for example, height in a water wave, pressure in a sound wave, or the electromagnetic field in a light wave. The value of this parameter is called the amplitude of the wave, and the wave itself is a function specifying the amplitude at each point.
In any system with waves, the waveform at a given time is a function of the [[wave equation|sources]] (i.e., external forces, if any, that create or affect the wave) and [[initial condition]]s of the system. In many cases (for example, in the classic [[wave equation]]), the equation describing the wave is linear. When this is true, the superposition principle can be applied. That means that the net amplitude caused by two or more waves traversing the same space is the sum of the amplitudes that would have been produced by the individual waves separately. For example, two waves traveling towards each other will pass right through each other without any distortion on the other side. (See image at top.)
In any system with waves, the waveform at a given time is a function of the [[wave equation|sources]] (i.e., external forces, if any, that create or affect the wave) and [[initial condition]]s of the system. In many cases (for example, in the classic [[wave equation]]), the equation describing the wave is linear. When this is true, the superposition principle can be applied. That means that the net amplitude caused by two or more waves traversing the same space is the sum of the amplitudes that would have been produced by the individual waves separately. For example, two waves traveling towards each other will pass right through each other without any distortion on the other side. (See image at top.)
在任何有波浪的系统中，给定时间的波形是系统[[波动方程|源]]（即，产生或影响波浪的外力，如有）和[[初始条件]]的函数。在许多情况下（例如，在经典的[[波动方程]]），描述波动的方程是线性的。如果这是真的，可以应用叠加原理。这意味着，两个或多个波穿过同一空间所产生的净振幅是单独波产生的振幅之和。例如，两个相互传播的波将直接穿过对方，而另一侧没有任何变形。（见上图。）
In any system with waves, the waveform at a given time is a function of the sources (i.e., external forces, if any, that create or affect the wave) and initial conditions of the system. In many cases (for example, in the classic wave equation), the equation describing the wave is linear. When this is true, the superposition principle can be applied. That means that the net amplitude caused by two or more waves traversing the same space is the sum of the amplitudes that would have been produced by the individual waves separately. For example, two waves traveling towards each other will pass right through each other without any distortion on the other side. (See image at top.)
In any system with waves, the waveform at a given time is a function of the sources (i.e., external forces, if any, that create or affect the wave) and initial conditions of the system. In many cases (for example, in the classic wave equation), the equation describing the wave is linear. When this is true, the superposition principle can be applied. That means that the net amplitude caused by two or more waves traversing the same space is the sum of the amplitudes that would have been produced by the individual waves separately. For example, two waves traveling towards each other will pass right through each other without any distortion on the other side. (See image at top.)