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{{short description|Basic unit of quantum information}}

{{short description|Basic unit of quantum information}}

 

{{about|the quantum computing unit}}

{{about|the quantum computing unit}}

 

{{Fundamental info units}}

{{Fundamental info units}}

 

{{technical|date=October 2019}}

{{technical|date=October 2019}}

In [[quantum computing]], a '''qubit''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|juː|b|ɪ|t}}) or '''quantum bit''' (sometimes '''qbit'''{{cn|date=September 2020}}) is the basic unit of [[quantum information]]—the quantum version of the classical binary [[bit]] physically realized with a two-state device.  A qubit is a [[Two-state quantum system|two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system]], one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics.  Examples include: the [[spin (physics)|spin]] of the electron in which the two levels can be taken as spin up and spin down; or the [[Photon polarization|polarization]] of a single [[photon]] in which the two states can be taken to be the vertical polarization and the horizontal polarization. In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the other. However, quantum mechanics allows the qubit to be in a coherent [[Quantum superposition|superposition]] of both states simultaneously, a property which is fundamental to [[quantum mechanics]] and [[quantum computing]].

在[[量子计算]]中，'''qubit''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|juː|b|ɪ|t}}) 或 '''quantum bit''' (有时为 '''qbit'''{{cn|date=September 2020}}) 是[[量子信息]]的基本单位，经典二进制[[bit]]的量子版本是用双态器件物理实现的。量子比特是一种[[双态量子系统|双态（或二能级）量子力学系统]]，是最简单的量子系统之一，显示了量子力学的特性。示例包括：电子的[[自旋（物理）|自旋]]，其中两个能级可被视为自旋向上和自旋向下；或单个[[光子]]的[[光子偏振|偏振]]，其中两个态可被视为垂直偏振和水平偏振。在经典系统中，比特必须处于一种或另一种状态。然而，量子力学允许量子位同时处于两种状态的相干[[量子叠加|叠加]]，这是[[量子力学]]和[[量子计算]]的基本性质。

In quantum computing, a qubit () or quantum bit (sometimes qbit) is the basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classical binary bit physically realized with a two-state device.  A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics.  Examples include: the spin of the electron in which the two levels can be taken as spin up and spin down; or the polarization of a single photon in which the two states can be taken to be the vertical polarization and the horizontal polarization. In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the other. However, quantum mechanics allows the qubit to be in a coherent superposition of both states simultaneously, a property which is fundamental to quantum mechanics and quantum computing.

In quantum computing, a qubit () or quantum bit (sometimes qbit) is the basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classical binary bit physically realized with a two-state device.  A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics.  Examples include: the spin of the electron in which the two levels can be taken as spin up and spin down; or the polarization of a single photon in which the two states can be taken to be the vertical polarization and the horizontal polarization. In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the other. However, quantum mechanics allows the qubit to be in a coherent superposition of both states simultaneously, a property which is fundamental to quantum mechanics and quantum computing.

在量子计算中，量子比特(qubit)或量子比特(quantum bit，有时是 qbit)是量子信息的基本单位ーー经典二进制比特的量子形式，通过双态设备实现。量子比特是一个双态(或双能级)的量子力学系统，它是最简单的量子系统之一，体现了量子力学的特性。例如: 电子的自旋，其中两个能级可以被视为自旋上升和自旋下降; 或单个光子的极化，其中两个态可以被视为垂直极化和水平极化。在经典系统中，一个比特必须处于一种状态或另一种状态。然而，量子量子力学允许量子比特同时处于两个态的相干叠加中，这是量子量子力学和量子计算的基本特性。

在量子计算中，量子比特(qubit)或量子位(quantum bit，有时是 qbit)是量子信息的基本单位ーー经典二进制比特的量子形式，通过双态设备实现。量子比特是一个双态(或双能级)的量子力学系统，它是最简单的量子系统之一，体现了量子力学的特性。例如: 电子的自旋，其中两个能级可以被视为自旋上升和自旋下降; 或单个光子的极化，其中两个态可以被视为垂直极化和水平极化。在经典系统中，一个比特必须处于一种状态或另一种状态。然而，量子量子力学允许量子比特同时处于两个态的相干叠加中，这是量子量子力学和量子计算的基本特性。