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===The concept of ‘proximity’===

===The concept of ‘proximity’===

The Product Space quantifies the relatedness of products with a measure called [[Proxemics|proximity]]. In the above tree analogy, proximity would imply the closeness between a pair of trees in the forest. Proximity formalizes the intuitive idea that a country's ability to produce a product depends on its ability to produce other products: a country which exports apples most probably has conditions suitable for exporting pears: the country would already have the soil, climate, packing equipment, refrigerated trucks, agronomists, phytosanitary laws, and working trade agreements. All of these could be easily redeployed to the pear business. These inputs would be futile, however, if the country instead chose to start producing a dissimilar product such as copper wire or home appliances. While quantifying such overlap between the set of markets associated with each product would be difficult, the measure of proximity uses an outcome-based method founded on the idea that similar products (apples and pears) are more likely to be produced in tandem than dissimilar products (apples and copper wire).

The Product Space quantifies the relatedness of products with a measure called [[Proxemics|proximity]]. In the above tree analogy, proximity would imply the closeness between a pair of trees in the forest. Proximity formalizes the intuitive idea that a country's ability to produce a product depends on its ability to produce other products: a country which exports apples most probably has conditions suitable for exporting pears: the country would already have the soil, climate, packing equipment, refrigerated trucks, agronomists, phytosanitary laws, and working trade agreements. All of these could be easily redeployed to the pear business. These inputs would be futile, however, if the country instead chose to start producing a dissimilar product such as copper wire or home appliances. While quantifying such overlap between the set of markets associated with each product would be difficult, the measure of proximity uses an outcome-based method founded on the idea that similar products (apples and pears) are more likely to be produced in tandem than dissimilar products (apples and copper wire).

The Product Space quantifies the relatedness of products with a measure called proximity. In the above tree analogy, proximity would imply the closeness between a pair of trees in the forest. Proximity formalizes the intuitive idea that a country's ability to produce a product depends on its ability to produce other products: a country which exports apples most probably has conditions suitable for exporting pears: the country would already have the soil, climate, packing equipment, refrigerated trucks, agronomists, phytosanitary laws, and working trade agreements. All of these could be easily redeployed to the pear business. These inputs would be futile, however, if the country instead chose to start producing a dissimilar product such as copper wire or home appliances. While quantifying such overlap between the set of markets associated with each product would be difficult, the measure of proximity uses an outcome-based method founded on the idea that similar products (apples and pears) are more likely to be produced in tandem than dissimilar products (apples and copper wire).

The Product Space quantifies the relatedness of products with a measure called proximity. In the above tree analogy, proximity would imply the closeness between a pair of trees in the forest. Proximity formalizes the intuitive idea that a country's ability to produce a product depends on its ability to produce other products: a country which exports apples most probably has conditions suitable for exporting pears: the country would already have the soil, climate, packing equipment, refrigerated trucks, agronomists, phytosanitary laws, and working trade agreements. All of these could be easily redeployed to the pear business. These inputs would be futile, however, if the country instead chose to start producing a dissimilar product such as copper wire or home appliances. While quantifying such overlap between the set of markets associated with each product would be difficult, the measure of proximity uses an outcome-based method founded on the idea that similar products (apples and pears) are more likely to be produced in tandem than dissimilar products (apples and copper wire).

“产品空间”用一种称为“邻近度”的度量方法来量化产品之间的相关性。在上面的树的类比中，邻近意味着森林中两棵树之间的亲近。一个国家生产一种产品的能力取决于它生产其他产品的能力，这种直觉的接近正式化了: 一个出口苹果的国家最有可能拥有适合出口梨的条件: 这个国家已经有了土壤、气候、包装设备、冷藏卡车、农艺学家、植物卫生法和工作贸易协定。所有这些都可以很容易地重新部署到梨业务上。然而，如果中国转而选择生产铜线或家用电器等不同产品，这些投入将是徒劳的。虽然难以量化与每种产品相关的一系列市场之间的这种重叠，但衡量邻近程度使用的是一种基于成果的方法，其基本思想是，类似产品(苹果和梨)比不同产品(苹果和铜线)更有可能同时生产。

产品空间用一种称为'''<font color="#ff8000">邻近度 proximity</font>'''的度量方法来量化产品之间的相关性。在上面的树的类比中，邻近意味着森林中两棵树之间的亲近。一个国家生产一种产品的能力取决于它生产其他产品的能力，这种直觉的接近正式化了: 一个出口苹果的国家最有可能拥有适合出口梨的条件: 这个国家已经有了土壤、气候、包装设备、冷藏卡车、农艺学家、植物卫生法和工作贸易协定。所有这些都可以很容易地重新部署到梨业务上。然而，如果中国转而选择生产铜线或家用电器等不同产品，这些投入将是徒劳的。虽然难以量化与每种产品相关的一系列市场之间的这种重叠，但衡量邻近程度使用的是一种基于成果的方法，其基本思想是，类似产品(苹果和梨)比不同产品(苹果和铜线)更有可能同时生产。

1) </math > Pr (text { RCA } i geq 1 mid text { RCA } j geq 1) </math > 是输出好的条件概率，因为你输出好的 j。通过考虑这两个条件概率的最小值，我们消除了当一个国家是某一特定商品的唯一出口国时出现的问题: 假定该国出口的所有其他商品的出口条件概率等于该国出口的所有其他商品的出口额。

1) </math > Pr (text { RCA } i geq 1 mid text { RCA } j geq 1) </math > 是输出好的条件概率，因为你输出好的 j。通过考虑这两个条件概率的最小值，我们消除了当一个国家是某一特定商品的唯一出口国时出现的问题: 假定该国出口的所有其他商品的出口条件概率等于该国出口的所有其他商品的出口额。

===Source data===

===Source data===