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第160行：
第160行： + + 第165行：
第167行： − 在最终的产品空间可视化中，很明显，网络呈现出异质性和核心-外围结构: 网络的核心由金属产品、机械和化学品组成，而外围则由渔业、热带和谷物农业组成。在网络的左侧，有一个由服装形成的强大的外围簇，另一个属于纺织品。在网络的底部，存在着一个大型的电子集群，在它的正确的采矿，森林和纸制品。这一领域的产品集群与利默的产品分类方案有着惊人的相似之处，后者采用了一种完全不同的方法。该系统根据出口每种产品所需的资本、劳动力、土地或技能的相对数量对产品进行分组。+ 第173行：
第175行： − Product Space 还揭示了产品类中更明确的结构。例如，机械似乎自然地分为两类: 一类是重型机械，另一类是车辆和电子设备。虽然机械集群与一些资本密集型金属产品相关联，但它并未与类似分类的产品(如纺织品)交织在一起。这样，产品空间为产品分类提供了一个新的视角。+ − −
→Properties of the Product Space
==Properties of the Product Space==
==Properties of the Product Space==
乘积空间的性质
In the final Product Space visualization, it is clear that the network exhibits heterogeneity and a core-periphery structure: the core of the network consists of metal products, machinery, and chemicals, whereas the periphery is formed by fishing, tropical, and cereal agriculture. On the left side of the network, there is a strong outlying cluster formed by garments and another belonging to textiles. At the bottom of the network, there exists a large electronics cluster, and at its right mining, forest, and paper products. The clusters of products in this space bear a striking resemblance to Leamer's product classification system, which employed an entirely different methodology. This system groups products by the relative amount of capital, labor, land, or skills needed to export each product.
In the final Product Space visualization, it is clear that the network exhibits heterogeneity and a core-periphery structure: the core of the network consists of metal products, machinery, and chemicals, whereas the periphery is formed by fishing, tropical, and cereal agriculture. On the left side of the network, there is a strong outlying cluster formed by garments and another belonging to textiles. At the bottom of the network, there exists a large electronics cluster, and at its right mining, forest, and paper products. The clusters of products in this space bear a striking resemblance to Leamer's product classification system, which employed an entirely different methodology. This system groups products by the relative amount of capital, labor, land, or skills needed to export each product.
In the final Product Space visualization, it is clear that the network exhibits heterogeneity and a core-periphery structure: the core of the network consists of metal products, machinery, and chemicals, whereas the periphery is formed by fishing, tropical, and cereal agriculture. On the left side of the network, there is a strong outlying cluster formed by garments and another belonging to textiles. At the bottom of the network, there exists a large electronics cluster, and at its right mining, forest, and paper products. The clusters of products in this space bear a striking resemblance to Leamer's product classification system, which employed an entirely different methodology. This system groups products by the relative amount of capital, labor, land, or skills needed to export each product.
In the final Product Space visualization, it is clear that the network exhibits heterogeneity and a core-periphery structure: the core of the network consists of metal products, machinery, and chemicals, whereas the periphery is formed by fishing, tropical, and cereal agriculture. On the left side of the network, there is a strong outlying cluster formed by garments and another belonging to textiles. At the bottom of the network, there exists a large electronics cluster, and at its right mining, forest, and paper products. The clusters of products in this space bear a striking resemblance to Leamer's product classification system, which employed an entirely different methodology. This system groups products by the relative amount of capital, labor, land, or skills needed to export each product.
在最终的产品空间可视化中，网络明显地呈现出异质性和核心-外围结构: 网络的核心由金属产品、机械和化学品组成，而外围则由渔业、热带和谷物农业组成。在网络的左侧，有一个由服装形成的强大的外围簇，另一个属于纺织品。在网络的底部，有一个大型的电子集群，在它的右边是采矿、森林和纸张产品。这一领域的产品集群与利默的产品分类方案有着惊人的相似之处，后者采用了一种完全不同的方法。该系统根据出口每种产品所需的资本、劳动力、土地或技能的相对数量对产品进行分组。
The Product Space also reveals a more explicit structure within product classes. Machinery, for example, appears to be naturally split into two clusters: heavy machinery in one, and vehicles and electronics in the other. Although the machinery cluster is connected to some capital-intensive metal products, it is not interwoven with similarly classified products such as textiles. In this way, the Product Space presents a new perspective on product classification.
The Product Space also reveals a more explicit structure within product classes. Machinery, for example, appears to be naturally split into two clusters: heavy machinery in one, and vehicles and electronics in the other. Although the machinery cluster is connected to some capital-intensive metal products, it is not interwoven with similarly classified products such as textiles. In this way, the Product Space presents a new perspective on product classification.
产品空间还揭示了产品类中更明确的结构。例如，机械似乎自然地分为两类: 一类是重型机械，另一类是车辆和电子设备。虽然机械集群与一些资本密集型金属产品相关联，但它并未与类似分类的产品(如纺织品)交织在一起。这样，产品空间为产品分类提供了一个新的视角。
==Dynamics of the Product Space==
==Dynamics of the Product Space==