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While at Caltech, Tsien had secretly attended meetings with J. Robert Oppenheimer's brother [[Frank Oppenheimer]], [[John Whiteside Parsons|Jack Parsons]], and [[Frank Malina]] that were organized by the Russian-born Jewish chemist Sidney Weinbaum and called Professional Unit 122 of the Pasadena Communist Party.<ref>[[Ray Monk]], ''Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center'' [[Random House]] {{ISBN|978-0-385-50407-2}} (2012)</ref>  Weinbaum's trial commenced on 30 August and both Frank Oppenheimer and Parsons testified against him.<ref>[[George Pendle]], ''Strange Angel: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons'' [[Mariner Books]] (2006) {{ISBN|0-297-84853-4}} p.&nbsp;291.</ref> Weinbaum was convicted of perjury and sentenced to four years.<ref>Chang (1995), p.&nbsp;159.</ref> Tsien was taken into custody on 6 September 1950 for questioning<ref name="MJ550913" /> and for two weeks detained at [[Federal Correctional Institution, Terminal Island|Terminal Island]], a low-security United States federal prison near the ports of Los Angeles and [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]].

While at Caltech, Tsien had secretly attended meetings with J. Robert Oppenheimer's brother [[Frank Oppenheimer]], [[John Whiteside Parsons|Jack Parsons]], and [[Frank Malina]] that were organized by the Russian-born Jewish chemist Sidney Weinbaum and called Professional Unit 122 of the Pasadena Communist Party.<ref>[[Ray Monk]], ''Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center'' [[Random House]] {{ISBN|978-0-385-50407-2}} (2012)</ref>  Weinbaum's trial commenced on 30 August and both Frank Oppenheimer and Parsons testified against him.<ref>[[George Pendle]], ''Strange Angel: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons'' [[Mariner Books]] (2006) {{ISBN|0-297-84853-4}} p.&nbsp;291.</ref> Weinbaum was convicted of perjury and sentenced to four years.<ref>Chang (1995), p.&nbsp;159.</ref> Tsien was taken into custody on 6 September 1950 for questioning<ref name="MJ550913" /> and for two weeks detained at [[Federal Correctional Institution, Terminal Island|Terminal Island]], a low-security United States federal prison near the ports of Los Angeles and [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]].

--[[用户:CecileLi|CecileLi]]([[用户讨论:CecileLi|讨论]])  【审校】此处缺无格式的英文和翻译

--[[用户:CecileLi|CecileLi]]([[用户讨论:CecileLi|讨论]])  【审校】此处缺无格式的英文和翻译 补充：

 

 

On 26 April 1951, Tsien was declared subject to deportation and forbidden from leaving Los Angeles County without permission, effectively placing him under house arrest.

On 26 April 1951, Tsien was declared subject to deportation and forbidden from leaving Los Angeles County without permission, effectively placing him under house arrest.

Qian became the subject of five years of secret diplomacy and negotiation between the U.S. and China. During this time, he lived under constant surveillance with the permission to teach without any classified research duties. Qian arrived at Hong Kong on 8 October 1955 and entered China via the Kowloon–Canton Railway later that day.

Qian became the subject of five years of secret diplomacy and negotiation between the U.S. and China. During this time, he lived under constant surveillance with the permission to teach without any classified research duties. Qian arrived at Hong Kong on 8 October 1955 and entered China via the Kowloon–Canton Railway later that day.

During this time, Tsien wrote ''Engineering Cybernetics'', which was published by [[McGraw Hill]] in 1954. The book deals with the practice of stabilizing [[servomechanism]]s. In its 18 chapters, it considers non-interacting controls of many-variable systems, control design by [[perturbation theory]], and [[John von Neumann|von Neumann]]'s theory of [[error control]] (chapter 18). Ezra Krendel reviewed<ref>Ezra Krendel (1955) "Review of Engineering Cybernetics", [[Journal of the Franklin Institute]] 259(4): 367</ref> the book, stating that it is "difficult to overstate the value of Tsien's book to those interested in the overall theory of complex [[control system]]s." Evidently, Tsien's approach is primarily practical, as Krendel notes that for servomechanisms, the "usual linear design criterion of stability is inadequate and other criteria arising from the physics of the problem must be used."

During this time, Tsien wrote ''Engineering Cybernetics'', which was published by [[McGraw Hill]] in 1954. The book deals with the practice of stabilizing [[servomechanism]]s. In its 18 chapters, it considers non-interacting controls of many-variable systems, control design by [[perturbation theory]], and [[John von Neumann|von Neumann]]'s theory of [[error control]] (chapter 18). Ezra Krendel reviewed<ref>Ezra Krendel (1955) "Review of Engineering Cybernetics", [[Journal of the Franklin Institute]] 259(4): 367</ref> the book, stating that it is "difficult to overstate the value of Tsien's book to those interested in the overall theory of complex [[control system]]s." Evidently, Tsien's approach is primarily practical, as Krendel notes that for servomechanisms, the "usual linear design criterion of stability is inadequate and other criteria arising from the physics of the problem must be used."

在这期间，钱学森写了《工程控制论》，1954年由[[McGraw-Hill]]出版。这本书论述了稳定[[伺服机构]]的实践。在其18章中，它考虑了许多变量系统的非交互控制，[[微扰理论]]的控制设计，以及[[约翰.冯.诺依曼]]的[[误差控制]理论（第18章）。埃兹拉·克伦德尔回顾了《富兰克林学院学报》这本书，指出“对于那些对复杂[[控制系统]]整体理论感兴趣的人来说，很难夸大钱学森的书的价值。”显然，钱学森的方法主要是实用的，正如克伦德尔指出的，对于伺服机构，“通常的线性稳定性设计准则是不充分的，必须使用由问题的物理性质产生的其他准则。”

在这期间，钱学森写了《工程控制论》，1954年由[[McGraw-Hill]]出版。这本书论述了稳定[[伺服机构]]的实践。在其18章中，它考虑了许多变量系统的非交互控制，[[微扰理论]]的控制设计，以及[[约翰.冯.诺依曼]]的[[误差控制]理论（第18章）。埃兹拉·克伦德尔回顾了《富兰克林学院学报》这本书，指出“对于那些对复杂[[控制系统]]整体理论感兴趣的人来说，很难夸大钱学森的书的价值。”显然，钱学森的方法主要是实用的，正如克伦德尔指出的，对于伺服机构，“通常的线性稳定性设计准则是不充分的，必须使用由其它物理问题的性质产生的其他准则。”