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→Modern classifications 现代分类法
Several transitions are known as infinite-order phase transitions.They are continuous but break no symmetries. The most famous example is the Kosterlitz–Thouless transition in the two-dimensional XY model. Many quantum phase transitions, e.g., in two-dimensional electron gases, belong to this class.
Several transitions are known as infinite-order phase transitions.They are continuous but break no symmetries. The most famous example is the Kosterlitz–Thouless transition in the two-dimensional XY model. Many quantum phase transitions, e.g., in two-dimensional electron gases, belong to this class.
另外还存在其他相变类型,例如'''<font color="#ff8000">无序相变infinite-order phase transitions</font>'''。无序相变是连续的,但并不破坏对称性。最著名的例子是二维XY模型中的'''<font color="#ff8000"> Kosterlitz-Thouless相变</font>'''。除此之外, '''<font color="#ff8000">二维电子气two-dimensional electron gases </font>'''中的量子相变也属于无序相变。
另外还存在其他相变类型,例如'''<font color="#ff8000">无限阶相变 infinite-order phase transitions</font>'''。无限阶相变是连续的,但并不破坏对称性。最著名的例子是二维XY模型中的'''<font color="#ff8000">KS相变 Kosterlitz-Thouless transition</font>'''。除此之外, '''<font color="#ff8000">二维电子气two-dimensional electron gases </font>'''中的量子相变也属于无限阶相变。
The gelation transition of colloidal particles has been shown to be a second-order phase transition under nonequilibrium conditions.
The gelation transition of colloidal particles has been shown to be a second-order phase transition under nonequilibrium conditions.
在非平衡条件下，'''<font color="#ff8000">胶体粒子colloidal particles</font>'''的凝胶化转变被认为是二级相变。
在非平衡条件下，'''<font color="#ff8000">胶体粒子colloidal particles</font>'''的凝胶化转变被认为是二级相变。
== Characteristic properties 特征属性 ==
== Characteristic properties 特征属性 ==