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盖亚假说最初被诟病为目的论、反对自然选择的原则，但后来的改进使盖亚假说与来自地球系统科学、生物地球化学和系统生态学等领域的观点相一致。.<ref name="Turney, Jon 2003"/><ref name="Schwartzman2002">{{cite book |author=Schwartzman, David |title=Life, Temperature, and the Earth: The Self-Organizing Biosphere |publisher=Columbia University Press |date=2002 |isbn=978-0-231-10213-1 }}</ref><ref>Gribbin, John (1990), "Hothouse earth: The greenhouse effect and Gaia" (Weidenfeld & Nicolson)</ref>Loveloc还曾经描述过地球的“地球物理学”。.<ref name="agesofgaia">Lovelock, James, (1995) "The Ages of Gaia: A Biography of Our Living Earth" (W.W.Norton & Co)</ref>即便如此，盖亚假说仍然受到一些批评，今天许多科学家认为只有少数证据支持这一理论，或与现有的证据相矛盾。<ref name="kirchner2002">{{Citation |last= Kirchner |first = James W. |title =Toward a future for Gaia theory |journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climatic Change]] |volume = 52 |issue = 4 |pages = 391–408 |date = 2002 | doi = 10.1023/a:1014237331082 }}</ref><ref name="volk2002">{{Citation |last= Volk |first = Tyler |title =The Gaia hypothesis: fact, theory, and wishful thinking |journal = Climatic Change |volume = 52 |issue = 4 |pages = 423–430 |date = 2002 | doi = 10.1023/a:1014218227825 }}</ref><ref name="beerling2007">{{cite book |last=Beerling |first=David |authorlink=David Beerling|date=2007 |title=The Emerald Planet: How plants changed Earth's history |url=http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780192806024.do |location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press |page= |isbn= 978-0-19-280602-4 |accessdate= }}</ref>

盖亚假说最初被诟病为目的论、反对自然选择的原则，但后来的改进使盖亚假说与来自地球系统科学、生物地球化学和系统生态学等领域的观点相一致。<ref name="Turney, Jon 2003"/><ref name="Schwartzman2002">{{cite book |author=Schwartzman, David |title=Life, Temperature, and the Earth: The Self-Organizing Biosphere |publisher=Columbia University Press |date=2002 |isbn=978-0-231-10213-1 }}</ref><ref>Gribbin, John (1990), "Hothouse earth: The greenhouse effect and Gaia" (Weidenfeld & Nicolson)</ref>Loveloc还曾经描述过地球的“地球物理学”。.<ref name="agesofgaia">Lovelock, James, (1995) "The Ages of Gaia: A Biography of Our Living Earth" (W.W.Norton & Co)</ref>即便如此，盖亚假说仍然受到一些批评，今天许多科学家认为只有少数证据支持这一理论，或与现有的证据相矛盾。<ref name="kirchner2002">{{Citation |last= Kirchner |first = James W. |title =Toward a future for Gaia theory |journal=[[Climatic Change (journal)|Climatic Change]] |volume = 52 |issue = 4 |pages = 391–408 |date = 2002 | doi = 10.1023/a:1014237331082 }}</ref><ref name="volk2002">{{Citation |last= Volk |first = Tyler |title =The Gaia hypothesis: fact, theory, and wishful thinking |journal = Climatic Change |volume = 52 |issue = 4 |pages = 423–430 |date = 2002 | doi = 10.1023/a:1014218227825 }}</ref><ref name="beerling2007">{{cite book |last=Beerling |first=David |authorlink=David Beerling|date=2007 |title=The Emerald Planet: How plants changed Earth's history |url=http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780192806024.do |location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press |page= |isbn= 978-0-19-280602-4 |accessdate= }}</ref>