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Darwin now had the framework of his theory of natural selection "by which to work",[97] as his "prime hobby".[103] His research included extensive experimental selective breeding of plants and animals, finding evidence that species were not fixed and investigating many detailed ideas to refine and substantiate his theory.[13] For fifteen years this work was in the background to his main occupation of writing on geology and publishing expert reports on the Beagle collections, and in particular, the barnacles.

Darwin now had the framework of his theory of natural selection "by which to work",[97] as his "prime hobby".[103] His research included extensive experimental selective breeding of plants and animals, finding evidence that species were not fixed and investigating many detailed ideas to refine and substantiate his theory.[13] For fifteen years this work was in the background to his main occupation of writing on geology and publishing expert reports on the Beagle collections, and in particular, the barnacles.

Darwin's book The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs on his theory of atoll formation was published in May 1842 after more than three years of work, and he then wrote his first "pencil sketch" of his theory of natural selection.[107] To escape the pressures of London, the family moved to rural Down House in September.[108] On 11 January 1844, Darwin mentioned his theorising to the botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker, writing with melodramatic humour "it is like confessing a murder".[109][110] Hooker replied "There may in my opinion have been a series of productions on different spots, & also a gradual change of species. I shall be delighted to hear how you think that this change may have taken place, as no presently conceived opinions satisfy me on the subject."

Darwin's book The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs on his theory of atoll formation was published in May 1842 after more than three years of work, and he then wrote his first "pencil sketch" of his theory of natural selection.[107] To escape the pressures of London, the family moved to rural Down House in September.[108] On 11 January 1844, Darwin mentioned his theorising to the botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker, writing with melodramatic humour "it is like confessing a murder".[109][110] Hooker replied "There may in my opinion have been a series of productions on different spots, & also a gradual change of species. I shall be delighted to hear how you think that this change may have taken place, as no presently conceived opinions satisfy me on the subject."

经过三年多的工作，达尔文于1842年5月出版了关于环礁形成理论的《珊瑚礁的结构和分布》一书，然后他完成了自然选择理论的第一本“铅笔素描”。后来为了逃避伦敦的压力，一家人于9月搬到农村的Down House。1844年1月11日，达尔文向植物学家约瑟夫·道尔顿·胡克Joseph Dalton Hooker提到了他的理论，并幽默地写着“这就像承认谋杀一样”。胡克回答说：“我认为可能在不同地点确有发生，而且物种也在逐渐变化。我很高兴听到您如何看待这种变化，因为目前没有其他设想能说得通。”

经过三年多的工作，达尔文于1842年5月出版了关于环礁形成理论的《珊瑚礁的结构和分布》一书，然后他完成了自然选择理论第一卷的初稿。后来为了逃避伦敦的压力，一家人于9月搬到农村的Down House。1844年1月11日，达尔文向植物学家约瑟夫·道尔顿·胡克Joseph Dalton Hooker提到了他的理论，并幽默地写着“这就像承认谋杀一样”。胡克回答说：“我认为可能在不同地点确有发生，而且物种也在逐渐变化。我很高兴听到您如何看待这种变化，因为目前没有其他设想能说得通。”

By July, Darwin had expanded his "sketch" into a 230-page "Essay", to be expanded with his research results if he died prematurely.[113] In November, the anonymously published sensational best-seller Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation brought wide interest in transmutation. Darwin scorned its amateurish geology and zoology, but carefully reviewed his own arguments. Controversy erupted, and it continued to sell well despite contemptuous dismissal by scientists.

By July, Darwin had expanded his "sketch" into a 230-page "Essay", to be expanded with his research results if he died prematurely.[113] In November, the anonymously published sensational best-seller Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation brought wide interest in transmutation. Darwin scorned its amateurish geology and zoology, but carefully reviewed his own arguments. Controversy erupted, and it continued to sell well despite contemptuous dismissal by scientists.

到七月，达尔文将他的“草图”扩大到了230页的“随笔”，如果他过早去世，他的研究成果将会被进一步扩展（这句话没看懂逻辑）。十一月，匿名出版的畅销书《自然创造史的遗迹Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation》引起了人们对演变的广泛兴趣。达尔文蔑视其业余地质学和动物学说，但他也仔细审查了自己的论点。后来争议爆发了，尽管科学家轻蔑地驳回了争议，但这本书仍然畅销。

同年七月，达尔文将他的“草图”扩大到了230页的“随笔”，如果他英年早逝，他的研究成果也将会被他人进一步扩展。十一月，一本匿名出版的畅销书《自然创造史的遗迹Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation》引起了人们对演变的广泛兴趣。达尔文蔑视其业余地质学和动物学说，但他也仔细审查了自己的论点。后来争议爆发了，尽管科学家轻蔑地驳回了争议，但这本书仍然畅销。

In an attempt to improve his chronic ill health, Darwin went in 1849 to Dr. James Gully's Malvern spa and was surprised to find some benefit from hydrotherapy.[118] Then, in 1851, his treasured daughter Annie fell ill, reawakening his fears that his illness might be hereditary, and after a long series of crises she died.

In an attempt to improve his chronic ill health, Darwin went in 1849 to Dr. James Gully's Malvern spa and was surprised to find some benefit from hydrotherapy.[118] Then, in 1851, his treasured daughter Annie fell ill, reawakening his fears that his illness might be hereditary, and after a long series of crises she died.

为了改善自己的慢性病，达尔文在1849年去了詹姆斯·古利James Gully医生的莫尔文水疗中心，并惊讶地发现水疗可以带来一些好处。然后，在1851年，他珍爱的女儿安妮Annie生病，重新唤醒了他对自己的病可能是遗传性疾病的恐惧，在经历了一系列病痛后，安妮去世了。

为了改善自己的慢性病病情，达尔文在1849年去了詹姆斯·古利James Gully医生的莫尔文水疗中心，并惊讶地发现水疗可以带来一些好处。然后，在1851年，他珍爱的女儿安妮Annie生病，重新唤醒了他对自己的病可能是遗传性疾病的恐惧，在经历了一系列病痛后，安妮去世了。