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删除97字节 、 2021年4月22日 (四) 09:56
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需求在不断的增加,就像'''<font color="#ff8000">韦伯伦商品 Veblen good</font>'''  或有'''<font color="#ff8000">短期持续性 Hot Hand</font>'''谬论的股票买家,他们更愿意买入更多成功的股票,卖出那些不那么成功的股票。<ref name="Johnson2005">{{cite journal|last=Johnson|first=Joseph|author2=Tellis, G.J. |author3=Macinnis, D.J. |s2cid=145211986|title=Losers, Winners, and Biased Trades|journal=Journal of Consumer Research|year=2005|volume=2|issue=32|pages=324–329|doi=10.1086/432241}}</ref>
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需求在不断的增加,就像'''<font color="#ff8000">韦伯伦商品 Veblen good</font>'''  或有'''<font color="#ff8000">短期持续性 Hot Hand</font>'''谬论的股票买家,他们更愿意买入更多成功的股票,卖出那些不那么成功的股票。<ref name="Johnson2005">{{cite journal|last=Johnson|first=Joseph|author2=Tellis, G.J. |author3=Macinnis, D.J. |title=Losers, Winners, and Biased Trades|journal=Journal of Consumer Research|year=2005|volume=2|issue=32|pages=324–329|doi=10.1086/432241}}</ref>
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另一个很好的例子是'''<font color="#ff8000">随机矩阵理论 random matrix theory</font>''',它可以用来识别金融相关矩阵中的噪声。一篇论文认为,这种技术可以改善投资组合的性能,例如,应用于'''<font color="#ff8000">portfolio optimization 投资组合优化</font>'''。<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vasiliki Plerou |author2=Parameswaran Gopikrishnan |author3=Bernd Rosenow |author4=Luis Amaral |author5=Thomas Guhr |author6=H. Eugene Stanley |title=Random matrix approach to cross correlations in financial data |journal=Physical Review E|volume= 65|page= 066126 |year=2002 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevE.65.066126 |pmid=12188802 | issue = 6|arxiv = cond-mat/0108023 |bibcode = 2002PhRvE..65f6126P |s2cid=2753508 }}</ref>
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另一个很好的例子是'''<font color="#ff8000">随机矩阵理论 random matrix theory</font>''',它可以用来识别金融相关矩阵中的噪声。一篇论文认为,这种技术可以改善投资组合的性能,例如,应用于'''<font color="#ff8000">portfolio optimization 投资组合优化</font>'''。<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vasiliki Plerou |author2=Parameswaran Gopikrishnan |author3=Bernd Rosenow |author4=Luis Amaral |author5=Thomas Guhr |author6=H. Eugene Stanley |title=Random matrix approach to cross correlations in financial data |journal=Physical Review E|volume= 65|page= 066126 |year=2002 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevE.65.066126 |pmid=12188802 | issue = 6|arxiv = cond-mat/0108023 |bibcode = 2002PhRvE..65f6126P }}</ref>
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在金融理论和'''<font color="#ff8000">扩散 Diffusion</font>'''理论之间也有相似之处。例如,期权定价的'''<font color="#ff8000">布莱克-斯科尔斯方程 Black–Scholes equation</font>'''是一个'''<font color="#ff8000">扩散-对流 diffusion-advection</font>'''方程(见对布莱克-斯科尔斯方法论的批判<ref name="autogenerated2003">{{cite book |author1=Jean-Philippe Bouchaud |author2=Marc Potters |title=Theory of Financial Risk and Derivative Pricing |url=https://archive.org/details/theoryoffinancia0000bouc |url-access=registration |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year= 2003 |accessdate=|work=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/713665871 | volume=1 | issue=5 | title=Welcome to a non-Black-Scholes world | year=2001 | journal=Quantitative Finance | pages=482–483 | last1 = Bouchaud | first1 = J-P. | last2 = Potters | first2 = M.| s2cid=154368053 }}</ref>)。布莱克-斯科尔斯理论可以扩展为经济活动中主要因素的分析理论。<ref name=":0" />
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在金融理论和'''<font color="#ff8000">扩散 Diffusion</font>'''理论之间也有相似之处。例如,期权定价的'''<font color="#ff8000">布莱克-斯科尔斯方程 Black–Scholes equation</font>'''是一个'''<font color="#ff8000">扩散-对流 diffusion-advection</font>'''方程(见对布莱克-斯科尔斯方法论的批判<ref name="autogenerated2003">{{cite book |author1=Jean-Philippe Bouchaud |author2=Marc Potters |title=Theory of Financial Risk and Derivative Pricing |url=https://archive.org/details/theoryoffinancia0000bouc |url-access=registration |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year= 2003 |accessdate=|work=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/713665871 | volume=1 | issue=5 | title=Welcome to a non-Black-Scholes world | year=2001 | journal=Quantitative Finance | pages=482–483 | last1 = Bouchaud | first1 = J-P. | last2 = Potters | first2 = M.}}</ref>)。布莱克-斯科尔斯理论可以扩展为经济活动中主要因素的分析理论。<ref name=":0" />
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关于经济物理学的论文主要发表在专门研究物理学和统计力学的期刊上,而不是主要的经济学期刊上。一些主流经济学家普遍对这项研究不以为然。<ref>{{cite journal |author=Philip Ball |title=Econophysics: Culture Crash |journal=Nature |volume=441 |pages=686–688 |year=2006 |doi=10.1038/441686a |pmid=16760949 |issue=7094|bibcode = 2006Natur.441..686B |citeseerx=10.1.1.188.8120 |s2cid=4319192 }}</ref>其他经济学家,包括[[毛罗·加勒盖蒂 Mauro Gallegati ]],[[史蒂夫·基恩]],[[保罗·奥默罗德 Paul Ormerod]]和Alan Kirman对此表现出了更多的兴趣,但也批评了经济物理学的一些趋势。最近,'''<font color="#ff8000">实验经济学 experimental economics</font>'''创始人之一、诺贝尔经济学奖得主[[弗农·L·史密斯 Vernon L. Smith]]使用了这些技术并承诺它们会有非常良好的前景。<ref name = CaSm></ref>  
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关于经济物理学的论文主要发表在专门研究物理学和统计力学的期刊上,而不是主要的经济学期刊上。一些主流经济学家普遍对这项研究不以为然。<ref>{{cite journal |author=Philip Ball |title=Econophysics: Culture Crash |journal=Nature |volume=441 |pages=686–688 |year=2006 |doi=10.1038/441686a |pmid=16760949 |issue=7094|bibcode = 2006Natur.441..686B |citeseerx=10.1.1.188.8120}}</ref>其他经济学家,包括[[毛罗·加勒盖蒂 Mauro Gallegati ]],[[史蒂夫·基恩]],[[保罗·奥默罗德 Paul Ormerod]]和Alan Kirman对此表现出了更多的兴趣,但也批评了经济物理学的一些趋势。最近,'''<font color="#ff8000">实验经济学 experimental economics</font>'''创始人之一、诺贝尔经济学奖得主[[弗农·L·史密斯 Vernon L. Smith]]使用了这些技术并承诺它们会有非常良好的前景。<ref name = CaSm></ref>  
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经济物理学对'''<font color="#ff8000">定量金融学 quantitative finance</font>'''的应用领域产生了一定的影响,定量金融学的研究范围和研究目标与经济学理论有很大的不同。各种经济物理学家介绍了'''<font color="#ff8000">金融市场物理学 physics of financial markets</font>'''中的价格波动模型或已建立模型的原始观点。<ref name="autogenerated2003"/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Enrico Scalas |title=The application of continuous-time random walks in finance and economics |journal=Physica A |volume=362 |pages=225–239 |year=2006 |doi=10.1016/j.physa.2005.11.024|bibcode = 2006PhyA..362..225S |issue=2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Y. Shapira |author2=Y. Berman |author3=E. Ben-Jacob |title=Modelling the short term herding behaviour of stock markets |journal=New Journal of Physics |volume=16 |issue=5 |year=2014 | doi= 10.1088/1367-2630/16/5/053040|bibcode = 2014NJPh...16e3040S |page=053040|doi-access=free }}</ref> Also several scaling laws have been found in various economic data.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Y. Liu |author2=P. Gopikrishnan |author3=P. Cizeau |author4=M. Meyer |author5=C.-K. Peng |author6=H. E. Stanley |title=Statistical properties of the volatility of price fluctuations |year=1999| journal=Physical Review E| volume=60| issue=2|pages=1390–400 | doi= 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.1390|pmid=11969899 |arxiv = cond-mat/9903369 |bibcode = 1999PhRvE..60.1390L |citeseerx=10.1.1.241.9346 |s2cid=7512788 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=M. H. R. Stanley |author2=L. A. N. Amaral |author3=S. V. Buldyrev |author4=S. Havlin |author5=H. Leschhorn |author6=P. Maass |author7=M. A. Salinger |author8=H. E. Stanley |title=Scaling behaviour in the growth of companies  |journal=Nature |volume=379 |page=804 |year=1996| url=http://havlin.biu.ac.il/Publications.php?keyword=Scaling+behaviour+in+the+growth+of+companies&year=*&match=all |doi=10.1038/379804a0 |issue=6568|bibcode = 1996Natur.379..804S |s2cid=4361375 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=K. Yamasaki |author2=L. Muchnik |author3=S. Havlin |author4=A. Bunde |author5=H.E. Stanley |title=Scaling and memory in volatility return intervals in financial markets |journal=PNAS |volume=102 |pages=9424–8  |year=2005| url=http://havlin.biu.ac.il/Publications.php?keyword=Scaling+and+memory+in+volatility+return+intervals+in+financial+markets&year=*&match=all |doi=10.1073/pnas.0502613102 |pmid=15980152 |issue=26 |pmc=1166612|bibcode = 2005PNAS..102.9424Y }}</ref>
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经济物理学对'''<font color="#ff8000">定量金融学 quantitative finance</font>'''的应用领域产生了一定的影响,定量金融学的研究范围和研究目标与经济学理论有很大的不同。各种经济物理学家介绍了'''<font color="#ff8000">金融市场物理学 physics of financial markets</font>'''中的价格波动模型或已建立模型的原始观点。<ref name="autogenerated2003"/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Enrico Scalas |title=The application of continuous-time random walks in finance and economics |journal=Physica A |volume=362 |pages=225–239 |year=2006 |doi=10.1016/j.physa.2005.11.024|bibcode = 2006PhyA..362..225S |issue=2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Y. Shapira |author2=Y. Berman |author3=E. Ben-Jacob |title=Modelling the short term herding behaviour of stock markets |journal=New Journal of Physics |volume=16 |issue=5 |year=2014 | doi= 10.1088/1367-2630/16/5/053040|bibcode = 2014NJPh...16e3040S |page=053040|doi-access=free }}</ref> Also several scaling laws have been found in various economic data.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Y. Liu |author2=P. Gopikrishnan |author3=P. Cizeau |author4=M. Meyer |author5=C.-K. Peng |author6=H. E. Stanley |title=Statistical properties of the volatility of price fluctuations |year=1999| journal=Physical Review E| volume=60| issue=2|pages=1390–400 | doi= 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.1390|pmid=11969899 |arxiv = cond-mat/9903369 |bibcode = 1999PhRvE..60.1390L |citeseerx=10.1.1.241.9346}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=M. H. R. Stanley |author2=L. A. N. Amaral |author3=S. V. Buldyrev |author4=S. Havlin |author5=H. Leschhorn |author6=P. Maass |author7=M. A. Salinger |author8=H. E. Stanley |title=Scaling behaviour in the growth of companies  |journal=Nature |volume=379 |page=804 |year=1996| url=http://havlin.biu.ac.il/Publications.php?keyword=Scaling+behaviour+in+the+growth+of+companies&year=*&match=all |doi=10.1038/379804a0 |issue=6568|bibcode = 1996Natur.379..804S}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=K. Yamasaki |author2=L. Muchnik |author3=S. Havlin |author4=A. Bunde |author5=H.E. Stanley |title=Scaling and memory in volatility return intervals in financial markets |journal=PNAS |volume=102 |pages=9424–8  |year=2005| url=http://havlin.biu.ac.il/Publications.php?keyword=Scaling+and+memory+in+volatility+return+intervals+in+financial+markets&year=*&match=all |doi=10.1073/pnas.0502613102 |pmid=15980152 |issue=26 |pmc=1166612|bibcode = 2005PNAS..102.9424Y }}</ref>
    
==主要成果==
 
==主要成果==
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