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==Overview==

==概述Overview==

===概述（Overview）===

=== Examples ===

===案例 Examples ===

# 那时如果下雨的话，Sally就会在里面（Had it rained, Sally would be inside）。

# 那时如果下雨的话，Sally就会在里面（Had it rained, Sally would be inside）。

=== Terminology ===

===术语 Terminology ===

一个条件的 ''前件（antecedent）''有时被称为 "如果"从句或条件子句。条件的结果有时被称为"那么"子句或结论子句。

一个条件的 ''前件（antecedent）''有时被称为 "如果"从句或条件子句。条件的结果有时被称为"那么"子句或结论子句。

==Logic and semantics==

==逻辑和语义 Logic and semantics==

===经典问题（Classic puzzles）===

===经典问题 Classic puzzles===

====反事实的问题（The problem of counterfactuals）====

====反事实的问题 The problem of counterfactuals====

According to the material conditional analysis, a natural language conditional, a statement of the form ‘if P then Q’, is true whenever its antecedent, P, is false. Since counterfactual conditionals are those whose antecedents are false, this analysis would wrongly predict that all counterfactuals are vacuously true. Goodman illustrates this point using the following pair in a context where it is understood that the piece of butter under discussion had not been heated.  

According to the material conditional analysis, a natural language conditional, a statement of the form ‘if P then Q’, is true whenever its antecedent, P, is false. Since counterfactual conditionals are those whose antecedents are false, this analysis would wrongly predict that all counterfactuals are vacuously true. Goodman illustrates this point using the following pair in a context where it is understood that the piece of butter under discussion had not been heated.